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UNIVERSITY  OF  PENNSYLVANIA 


AN  EPIGRAPHIC  COMMENTARY  ON 
SUETONIUS'S  LIFE  OF  TIBERIUS 


BY 


CLARA  A.  HOLTZHAUSSER 


A  THESIS 

PRESENTED  TO  THE  FACULTY  OF   THE  GRADUATE    SCHOOL  IN 

PARTIAL  FULFILLMENT  OF  THE  REQUIREMENTS  FOR 

THE  DEGREE  OF  DOCTOR  OF  PHILOSOPHY 


Philadelphia,  Pa. 
1918 


^o-** 


<.c^^'»«* 


Intelligencer  Printing  Co. 

StEINMAN  &  FOLTZ, 

Lancaster,  Pa. 


r  H  u> 


(  V  u 


4  /<> 


NA  / 


Aly  sincere  thanks  are  expressed  to  Prof.  John  C.  Rolfe,  Prof. 
Walton  B.  McDaniel,  Prof.  Roland  G.  Kent,  Prof.  George  D. 
Hadzsits,  Prof.  Harry  B.  Van  Deventer,  Dr.  Theodore  A. 
Buenger  and  Dr.  Edward  H.  Heffner  for  kindly  criticism  and 
advice  given  in   the  preparation  of   this  thesis. 


913.' 


INTRODUCTION 

The  purpose  of  this  thesis  is  to  collect  such  inscriptions  as  may 
either  confirm  or  refute  the  statements  of  Suetonius  in  his  Life 
of  Tiberius,  and  such  as  may  prove  of  general  interest  in  rela- 
tion to  that  work.  So  far  as  actual  historical  records  are  con- 
cerned, I  find  that  Suetonius  rarely  makes  a  mistake,  but  the 
general  unfavorable  impression  that  he  gives  of  the  attitude  of 
the  Roman  world  towards  Tiberius  is  not  confirmed  by  inscrip- 
tions. Although  some  of  the  epigraphic  records  that  survive 
proved  an  unexpected  joy,  e.  g.  that  of  the  sheath  and  sword  of 
Tiberius  found  at  Mainz,  on  the  other  hand  there  was  disap- 
pointment in  finding  no  memorials,  e.  g.  of  Tiberius  from  Rhodes 
or  Capri,  and  none  of  Piso  from  Syria. 

Such  well-known  monographs  on  Tiberius  as  those  of  Beesly, 
Beul6,  Pasch,  Stahr,  Tarver,  Thamm,  and  Wiedemeister  af- 
forded practically  no  help  in  gathering  material  for  this  work. 
Books  that  were  used  only  for  a  special  reference  are  mentioned 
in  full  in  the  body  of  the  paper,  while  the  general  bibliography 
follows. 


BIBLIOGRAPHY 

Acta  soc.  arch.  Athen.  =  npa/.xtx.a  t-^(;  sv 'AO-rjvati; 'ApxatoXoYtx-fji; 
'Exatpetas,  Athens,  1882-. 

Ath.  Mitt.  =  Mitteilungen  des  kaiserhch.  deutschen  archao- 
logischen  Instituts:  Athenische  Abteilung,  Athens, 
1876-1908. 

Babelon,  E.,  Monnaies  de  la  Republique  Romaine,  2nd  ed., 
Paris,   1885-86. 

Bulletin  de  Correspondance  Hellenique,  Athens  and  Paris, 
I 877-. 

Cohen,  H.,  Description  Historique  des  Monnaies,  vol.  i,  Paris, 
1880. 

CIA  =  Corpus  Inscriptionum  Atticarum,  Berlin,  1873-. 

CIG  =  Corpus  Inscriptionum  Graecarum,  Berlin,  1828-. 

CIL  =  Corpus  Inscriptionum  Latinarum,  Berlin,   1863-. 

CuRTius  UND  Abler,  Die  Inschriften  von  Olympia,  Berlin,  1896. 

Dennison,  Walter,  The  Epigraphic  Sources  of  the  Writings  of 
Gains  Suetonius  Tranquillus  (reprint  from  the  Amer- 
ican Journal  of  Archeology,  2nd  ser.,vol.  II,  1898),  New 
York,  1898.  ' 

Dessau,  Hermann,  Inscriptiones  Latinae  Selectae,  Berlin,  1892-. 

EcKHEL,  Joseph  H.,  Doctrina  Niimorum  Veterum,  Leipzig. 

Egbert,  James  C,  Latin  Inscriptions  (revised  ed.  with  supple- 
ment), New  York,  1908. 

Ephemeris  Epigraphica,  Berlin,  1872-. 

Fiske,  George  Converse,  The  Politics  of  the  Patrician  Claudii, 
Harvard  Studies  XIII   (1902). 

Furneaux,  Henry,  The  Annals  of  Tacitns,  2nd  ed.,  Oxford, 
1896. 

Graesse,  J.  G.  Th.,  Orbis  Latinus,  2nd  ed.,  Berlin,  1909. 

IGR  =  Inscriptiones  Graecae  ad  Res  Romanas  Pertinentes, 
Paris,  1 906-1 9 1 4. 

Journal  of  Hellenic  Studies,  London  1880-. 

KiEPERT,  Heinrich,  Atlas  Antiqims,  Berhn. 

Liebenam,  Willy,  Fasti  Consulares,  Bonn,  1909. 

Notizie  degli  Scavi  di  Antichita  Comunicate  alia  Reale  Academia 
dei  Lincei,  Rome  and  Milan,  1876-. 

7 


8       Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius 

Pauly-Wissowa,  Real-Encyclopadie,  Stuttgart,  1894-. 

Platner,  Samuel  B.,  Topography  and  Monuments  of  Ancient 
Rome,  2nd  ed.,  Boston,  191 1. 

Prosopographia  Imperii  Romani,  Berlin,  1897-98. 

Revue  Archeologique,  Paris,  1844-. 

RusiiFORTH,  G.  M.,  Latin  Historical  Inscriptions,  Oxford,  1893. 

Smith,  Dictionary  of  Greek  and  Roman  Biography  and  Mythol- 
ogy, London,  1844-49. 


An  Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius's  Life 
of  Tiberius 


I.i.i 

gens.  .  .orta  est  ex  Regillis:  In  support  of  this  statement 
we  find  in  the  Fasti  Cos.  CapitoHni  for  the  years  B.  C.  451,  450 
the  name  Ap.  Claudius  Ap.  f.,  M.  n.  Crass.  Inrigill.  Sabin.  II; 
and  for  the  year  B.  C.  362  Ap.  Claudius  P.  /.,  Ap.  n.  Crassus 
Inregillensis  diet.:  CIL  P,  pp.  16,  20.  ForcelUni  in  his  Onomas- 
ticon  justifies  the  reading  Inregillensis. 

1.2. 

triuniphos  sex,  duas  ouationes:  These  numbers,  evidently 
not  including  Tiberius's  triumphs  (cf.  IX.  2,  XVII.  i,  XX.),  are 
almost  completely  confirmed  by  the  Acta  Triumph.  Capitolina, 
which  cite  six  triumphs  and  one  ovation:  B.  C.  273  C.  Claudius 
...{.,  C.  n.  Canina;  B.  C.  268  Ap.  Claudius  Ap.  f.,  C.  n.  Rufus; 
B.  C.  222  M.  Claudius  M.  f.,  M.  n.  Marcellus;  B.  C.  196  M. 
CXdiwdms  M.  f.,  M.  n.  Marcellus;  B.  C.  174  Ap.  C/audius  C. /., 
Ap.  n.  Centho  ovan^,-  B.  C.  166  M.  C/audius  M.  f.,  M.  n.  Mar- 
cellus; B.C.  155  M.  Claudius  M.  f.,  M.  n.  Marcellus:  CIL  P. 
pp.  46-48. 

II. I. 

Appius  Caecus.  .  .dissuasit:  His  elogium  reads:  Appius 
Claudius  |  C.  f.  Caecus  |  censor,  cos.  bis,  diet.,  interrex  III,  |  pr. 
II,  aed.'cur.  II,  q.,  tr.  mil.  III.  Com|plura  oppida  de  Samnitibus 
cepit;  I  Sabinorum  et  Tuscorum  exerci|tum  fudit;  pacem  fieri 
cum  Tyrrho  (sic)  \  rege  prohibuit.  In  censura  viam  |  Appiam 
stravit  et  aquam  in  |  urbem  adduxit;  aedem  Bellonae  |  fecit: 
CIL  P,  p.  192.  His  name  appears  also  in  the  Fasti  Cos.  Capito- 
Hni: B.  C.  312  Cens.  Ap.  Claudius  C.  f.,  Ap.  n.  Caecus;  B.  C. 
307  Ap.  Claudius  C.  f.,  Ap.  n.  Caecus:    CIL  P,  p.  21. 

Claudius  Caudex:  The  Fasti  Cos.  Capitolini  record  his 
name  for  the  year  B.  C.  264:  Ap.  Claudius  C.  f.,  Ap.  n.  Caudex: 
CIL  P,  p.  22. 


'  The  notes  follow  the  order  of  the  text,  the  numbers  denoting  the  chapter 
and  section  in  Ihm's  edition. 

9 


10      Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius 

t  Tibus  Nero.  .  . Hasdrubalem .  .  oppressit:  According  to 
Liv.  XXVII.  51.  8,  II  it  was  C.  Claudius  (Nero)  who  defeated 
Hasdrubal.  Polyb.  XI.  i  calls  him  only  Claudius,  and  Appian 
Hannib.  52,  only  Nero.  The  Fasti  Cos.  Capitolini  mention 
both  men:  for  the  year  B.  C.  207,  C.  Claudius  Ti.  f.,  Ti.  n. 
Nero;  B.  C.  204,  Cens.  C.  Claudius  Ti.  f.,  Ti.  n.  Nero  l(ustrum) 
f(ecit)  XXXXV;  for  B.  C.  202,  Ti.  Claudius  P.  f.,  Ti.  n.  Nero: 
CIL  P,  p.  23.  Tiberius  as  consul  is  mentioned  also  in  CIL  XIV. 
2239  from  the  Alban  Mount  (which,  in  the  restored  portion, 
seems  to  err  in  making  Servilius,  colleague  of  Tiberius,  the 
grandson  of  Gaius). 

II.2. 

Claudius  Regillianus  decemuir  legibus  scribendis:  The 
Fasti  Cos.  Capitolini  for  the  year  B.  C.  451  confirm  his  decem- 
virate:  Ap.  Claudius  Ap.  f.,  M.  n.  Crass.  Inr^gill.  Sabin.  II,  T. 
Genucius  L.  /.,  L.  n.  Angurinns  \  abdicarunt  ut  decemviri  con- 
sular* imperio  fierent.  \  decemviri  consular^  impeno  legibus 
scribundis  facti  eod.  anno  |  Ap.  Claudius  Ap.  f.,  M.  n.  Crassus 
Inrigill.  Sab'm.  qui  cos.  fuera/  etc.;  and  for  B.  C.  450  name  him 
again,    CIL  P,  p.  16. 

Claudius  Pulcher . . .  (dictatorem)  Glycian  uiatorem 
suum  dixit:  This  statement,  too,  is  supported  by  the  Fasti 
Cos.  Capitolini  for  the  year  B.  C.  249:  P.  Claudius  Ap.  f.,  C.  n. 
Pulcher,  L.  lunius  C.  f.,  L.  n.  Pullus.  |  M.  Claudius  C.  f.  Glicia, 
qui  scriba  fuerat,  dictator  coact(i)  abdic(are)  |  sine  mag.  eq.  in 
eius  locum  factus  est:   CIL  P,  p.  24. 

II.3. 
Claudia.  .  .quae  nauem.  .  .  extraxit:  Several  inscriptions 
in  honor  of  the  Mother  of  the  Gods  and  the  ship  Salvia  may 
have  been  dedicated  by  persons  having  this  incident  in  mind: 
Matri  deum  |  et  navi  Salviae  |  Q.  Nunnius  |  Telephus  mag.  |  col. 
culto.  eius  I  d.  s.  d.  d.:  CIL  VI.  494;  cf.  492,  493.  In  connection 
with  the  coming  of  the  Magna  Mater  to  Rome,  the  Fasti  Prae- 
nestini  for  April  4  ofifer  an  interesting  notice:  Ludi  M(atri) 
D(eum)  M(agnae)  I(daeae)  Megalensia  vocantur  quod  ea  dea 
I  Megale  appellatur.  Nobilium  mutitationes  cenarum  |  solitae 
sunt  frequenter  fieri  quod  Mater  Magna  |  ex  libris  SibuUinis 
arcessita  locum  mutavit  ex  Phrygia  |  Romam:  CIL  P,  p^  235; 
cf.  Fasti  Maff.,  p.  224,  Philoc,  p.  262. 


Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius       ii 

II.4. 

uirgo  Vestalis  fratrem.  ..  prosecuta  est:    The  brother, 

or  father  as  Cicero  Cael.  34  and  Valerius  Maximus  5.  4.  6.  say, 

was  probably  Ap.  CXsLwdius  C.  /.,  Ap.  n.  Pulcher  mentioned  in 

the  Fasti  Cos.  Capitolini  for  the  year  B.  C.  143:   CIL  P,  p.  26. 

III. I. 
paternum  (genus)  a  Tiberio  Nerone:  At  least  one  inscrip- 
tion, found  at  Centumcellae,  gives  evidence  that  both  Tiberius's 
father  and  his  grandfather  were  named  Tiberius  Nero:  Ti. 
Claudio  Ti.  f.,  Ti.  n.  Neroni  |  pontific'x  \  .  .  .optimi  |  princ'ipis  \ 
.  .  .   ?  imperi  Romani:   CIL  XI.  3517. 

insertus  est  et  Liuiorum  familiae  etc.:  The  names  of 
both  Tiberius's  maternal  grandparents  are  preserved  in  inscrip- 
tions from  Marruvium,  that  of  his  grandfather  evidently  veri- 
fying the  adoption  into  the  family  of  the  Livii:  M.  Livius 
Dncsus  Claudiaw«5.-  CIL  IX.  3660;  Alfidia  M.  f.  mater  Augustae: 
CIL  IX.  3661;  cf.  II.  1667. 

They  are  recorded  also  in  two  Greek  inscriptions  from 
Samos,  found  on  the  bases  of  statues  set  up  in  honor  of  Livia's 
parents:  6  BTJfxoq  |  Mapxov  At^tov  Apouaov  tov  |  xaxepa  Oea<;  'looXictq 
2e^aa|Tf3<;  (xeYtcrxtov  ayaGwv  a't'xtovl yeyovoxa  tw  xoajJKp:  IGR  4-982;  6 
^fi[ioq  I  'AX(J)iStav  TYjv  \xri  \  tepa  Qeiq  'louXtaq  |  Ss^aaT[fi]s,  [xsylalrwv  dyaOciv 
alxtavj  ysyovuiav  x(I)  x6a|[i.(j):  IGR  4.983. 

III.2. 
Salinator:  Both  his  consulship  and  his  censorship  are  con- 
firmed by  the  Fasti  Cos.  Capitolini,  for  the  year  B.  C.  207:  M. 
Livius  M.  f.,  M.  n.  Salinator  II;  M.  Livius  M.  f.,  M.  n.  Salinator 
diet.;  and  for  B.  C.  204:  Cens.  M.  Livius  M.  f.,  M.  n.  Salinator: 
CIL  P,  p.  23. 

Drusus:  The  Fasti  Cos.  Capitolini  for  the  year  B.  C.  147 
name  C.  Livius  M.  Aimiliani  f.,  M.  n.  Z^rusus:  CIL  I-,  p.  26. 
It  is  possible  that  the  grandfather  here  indicated  may  represent 
the  original  Drusus,  although  that  would  make  him  a  generation 
too  late  to  account  for  the  abnepos  mentioned  a  few  lines  below. 

eius  abnepos ...  filium  reliquit,  queni.  .  .diuersa  factio 
. .  .  interemit :  The  elogium  of  this  son  bears  witness  to  his 
political  activity  and  to  his  death  in  office:   M.  Livius  M.  f.,  C. 


12      Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius 

n.  Drusus  pontifex,  |  tr.  mil.,  X  vir  stlit.  iudic,  |  tr.  pi.,  X  vir 
a.  d.  a  lege  sua  |  et  eodem  anno  V  vir  a.  d.  a  lege  Saufeia  |  in 
magistratu  occisus  est:    CIL  P,  p.  199. 

IV.i. 
Pater  Tiberi,  Nero:  We  have  an  inscription  naming  Ti- 
berius's  father  as  such:  Ti.  Claudius  Nero  pater  |  Ti.  Caesaris 
Aug.:  CIL  IX.  3662  from  Marruvium;  and  another,  given 
among  false  inscriptions,  which  we  could  wish  were  genuine, 
especially  since  Nero  is  here  called  pontifex:  Ti.  Claudio  Ti.  f. 
Ner  ...  I  .  .  .pr.,  pontifici  m. .  .  |  patri  Ti.  Caesaris  |  conleg  .  .  . 
pont.  .  .  .Combult.  .  |  .  .  .  .d.  d.:    CIL  X.  530*. 

IV.3. 
Liuiam  Drusillam:  There  are  at  least  two  inscriptions 
recording  the  name  Livia  Drusilla,  one  Latin,  found  in  the  pave- 
ment of  the  Via  Ostiensis:  L.  Aurelius  Cottae  1.,  |  Philostra  ] 
Leivia  |  Drusillae  |  1.  Galatea  |  in  fr.  p.  XII,  in  |  ag.  XX;  h.  | .  .  : 
CIL  VI.  131 79;  the  other  Greek,  from  Thasos,  in  which  Julia, 
the  daughter  of  Augustus,  and  Julia,  the  daughter  of  Marcus 
Agrippa,  also  are  honored :  6  8TJp,oc;  |  'louXIccv  Kataapoq  Ss^aatoCi  |  Ouya- 
tepa  TTjv  d[7c6]  xpoyovov  \  euepysTtv.  |  6  orj^oq  |  Ast^tav  Apo6[at}vXav  tt)]v  tou 
Hs^aaTou  Kalcapoql  yuvalxa  Gsav  euspysTiv.  |  'IouX(av  Mapxou  'Ay[p]lTCxou 
6uyaT£pa  I  6  6f)[jL0i;:  IGR  1.835. 

V. 
XVI.  Kal.  Dec.  M.  Aemilio  Lepido  iterutn  L.  Munatio 
Planco  conss. :  This  date  is  confirmed  by  at  least  two  calen- 
dars—the Antian:  XVI.  K.  Dec.  Ti.  Aug.  natal.:  CIL  P,  p. 
249=  X.  6638;  the  Cumaean:  XVI.  K.  Dec^'mbr.  Natalis  Ti. 
Caesaris:  CIL  X.  8375.  Lepidus  and  Plancus  are  both  named 
in  the  Acta  Triumph.  Capitolina  for  the  year  B.  C.  43,  CIL  P, 
p.  50,  and  in  the  Fasti  Colotiani  for  B.  C.  42,  CIL  I-,  p.  64. 
Several  inscriptions  besides  these,  and  coins,  record  Plancus's 
name:  two  inscriptions  from  Rome,  one  of  a  slave,  the  other  of 
a  freedwoman,  CIL  VI.  22668,  22670;  one  from  Formiae  com- 
memorating his  building  a  shrine  of  Saturn,  his  dividing  fields 
in  Italy,  his  spoils  of  war,  and  his  founding  the  colonies  Lug- 
dunum  and  Raurica,  CIL  X.  6087;  a  fragmentary  one  on  a 
piece  of  marble  dug  up  near  the  arch  of  Septimius  Severus,  CIL 
VI.  1316;  one  mentioning  a  statue  of  him,  CIL  VI.  9673  (cf. 


Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius      13 

VI.  10023);  a  Greek  inscription,  honoring  him  for  his  goodness 
and  kindness,  Acta  soc.  arch.  Athen.  1885,  p.  26;  coins  recording 
his  being  called  imperator,  Babelon  I,  p.  178.  57,  pro-consul, 
ib.  58,  59,  and  praefectus  urbanus,  Babelon  II,  p.  239.  i,  2,  3. 

VI.4. 
Troiam  circensibus  lusit:  It  is  interesting  to  note  in 
connection  with  this  an  inscription  from  Olympia  which  records 
Tiberius's  victory  in  a  four-horse  chariot  race,  between  the 
years  B.  C.  20  and  B.  C.  8:  Tt^lptov  KXauStov  Ti[^£]|p(ou  ulov 
Nepuva,  v'.-/,-/]|aavTa  'OX\j\j.~\.x  xeOpExxo)  xeXscw. . .  |  . .  .|  'AxoXX[a)] vto;; 
'AxoXXcofou  lihq  I  'HXelo;;  6  y.al  Tt^epto;;  [KX]a6Sto?  |  t6v  eauxoG  xdxpwva 
•/.at  suspyexTQv,  Act  'OXuixiittp:  Curtius  u.  Adler  220. 

VII. I. 
Virili  toga  sumpta:    The  very  day  of  this  happy  occasion, 
Apr.  24,  B.  C.  27,  is  known  to  us  from  the  Fasti  Praenestini: 
VIII.  K.  Mai  Ti.  Caesar  togam  virilem  sumpsit  imp.  Caesare 
VII  M.  Agrippa  |  III  cos.:  CIL  P,  p.  236. 

VII.2. 

Agrippinam:  We  have  at  least  two  inscriptions  dedicated 
to  her,  one  from  Laus  Pompeia:  Agrippinae  |  M.  Agrippae  f.,  | 
Drusi  Caesar,  matri  |  !!!!!!  |  !!!!!!  |  d.  d.,  (in  which  the  words 
erased  probably  were  C.  Asini  Galli  \  iixori,  Asinius  being  the 
second  husband  of  Agrippina) :  CIL  V.  6359;  another  from  Tele- 
sia:  Vipsaniae  M.  Agrippae  f.  Agrippinae,  Drusi  |  Caes.  matri, 
aviae  Ti.  et  Germanici  Caes.,  divi  Aug.  pron(epotum):  CIL  IX. 
2201.    CIL  VI.  9901  a  is  in  honor  of  a  freedman  of  Agrippina. 

sublato.  .  .  .filio  Druso:  A  calendar  from  Cumae  records 
the  date  of  his  birth:  Nonis  Octobr.  Drusi  Caesaris  natalis: 
CIL  X.  8375.  Several  other  inscriptions,  dedicated  to  him, 
give  either  simply  his  name  or  little  more,  CIL  III.  5764  from 
Raetia,  13565  from  Crete;  V.  2151  =  VI.  908;  XIV.  84;  also 
three  Greek  inscriptions,  IGR  3.895  from  Cilicia,  dedicated  by 
a  freedman;  IGR  4.324  from  Pergamum,  930  from  Chios,  dedi- 
cated by  the  people. 

VII.3. 

Drusuni  fratrem  in  Germania  amisit:  In  the  Fasti 
Oppiani  Maiores  we  have:  XI IX.  K.  Oct.  Inferiae  Drusi 
Caesaris:   CIL  VI.  32493;  and  likewise  in  the  Fasti  Antiates  for 


14     Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius 

the  same  day:  Infer.  Dnisi:  CIL  P,  p.  248;  but  Mommsen's 
conclusion  that  this  was  the  day  on  which  Drusus  died,  though 
probable,  seems  hardly  justified  in  its  finality,  since  inferiae 
were  offered  on  other  days  than  the  anniversary  of  the  death 
(cf.  Comm.  Diurni  under  this  day,  CIL  P,  p.  329).  A  few 
inscriptions  of  Drusus  are  quite  simple,  dedicated  to  him  alone: 
CIL  V.  3109  from  Vicetia,  4310  from  Brixia;  CIA  3.443,  on  a 
marble  base  in  an  arch  north  of  the  Erectheum,  dedicated  by 
the  people.  Several  name  him  as  the  brother  of  Tiberius: 
CIL  IX.  3663  from  Marruvium;  Dessau  8787  from  near  Troy; 
CIL  IX.  2443  from  Saepinum,  only  in  naming  both  Drusus  and 
Tiberius  as  the  sons  of  Tiberius;  and,  in  so  far  as  they  are  dedi- 
cated to  Livia  as  the  mother  of  both  Tiberius  and  Drusus,  CIL 
II.  2038  from  Anticaria;  IX.  3304  from  Superaequum ;  XL  11 65 
from  Veleia.  As  for  his  activities  in  Germany,  Suetonius  tells 
us  {Claud.  I.  3)  that  he  received  the  cognomen  Germanicus  after 
his  death,  and  a  number  of  inscriptions  confirm  this  statement: 
CIL  11.  2038;  IX.  2443,  3304,  3663;  Eph.Ep.  4.775 ;IGR  1.1025; 
also  several  coins  listed  by  Cohen,  bearing  the  following  inscrip- 
tion: Nero  Claudius  Drusus  Germanicus  imp.  de  Germanis:  i, 
pp.  220,  221.  1-6.  There  are  also  two  inscriptions  of  Claudius 
commemorating  his  building  of  the  Via  Claudia  Augusta,  which 
record  that  Drusus,  his  father,  had  laid  out  this  road  after  the 
Alps  had  been  opened  as  a  result  of  war:  CIL  V.  8002,  8003. 

VIII. 

regem  Archelaum  .  defendit:  A  Greek  inscription  dedi- 
cated to  Archelaus  by  the  people  has  been  found  in  Athens  west 
of  the  Parthenon :  [6]  ifi[Loq  \  [^aatXIa  Kax]xa5oy.t[czi;  xal  t-^<;|  Tpaxe(a](; 
KiXtxIaq  'A[px^Xaov  !  (!)t]X6xaTptv  aps[TT5(;]l  evexa:  CIA  3.545.  lb. 
546  was  dedicated  by  the  Council ;  and  one  of  his  coins  is  to  be 
found  in  Eckhel  3,  p.  201. 

Varrone  Murena:    (Cf.  Aug.  XIX.  i,  LVI.  4,  LXVI.  3). 

Varro's  name  appears  in  the  Fasti  Cos.  Capitolini  for  the  year 
B.  C.  23,  CIL  1,2  p.  28;  on  a  marble  tablet  dedicated  to  him  and 
found  at  Lanuvium,  CIL  XIV.  2109;  on  a  column  found  be- 
tween the  seventh  milestone  of  the  Via  Latina  and  the  seventh 
of  the  Via  Labicana,  for  which  Varro  and  Trebellius  as  curule 
aediles  granted  the  site,  CIL  VI.  1324. 


Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius      15 

IX.i. 

expeditione  Cantabrica:  Several  inscriptions  from  Spain, 
dedicated  by  colonists  or  by  private  individuals  to  Tiberius, 
not  yet  Caesar,  as  patron,  may  have  been  a  result  of  this  ex- 
pedition: Ti.  Claudio  Ti.  /.  |  Neroni,  |  patrono,  colons;  CIL  II. 
5930;  cf.  ib.  1 1 13,  1529,  6080. 

regnum  Armeniae  Tigrani  restituit:  Augustus  records 
this  event  in  the  Monumentum  Ancyranum,  giving  due  credit 
to  Tiberius,  who  was  then  his  stepson:  Armeniam  maiorem 
inter] fecto  rege  eius  Artaxe  cuva  possem  facere  provinciam, 
malui  maiorum  |  nostrorum  exemplo  regwzfm  id  Tigrani  regis 
Artavasdis  filio,  nepoti  au|tem  Tigranis  regis,  per  Ti.  Neroneva 
tradere,  qui  turn  mihi  privignus  erat:  5.24-27,  CIL  III,  p.  782. 
There  are,  too,  a  number  of  coins  struck  in  commemoration  of 
the  victory,  bearing  the  name,  not  of  Tiberius,  who  was  merely 
the  agent  in  the  afifair,  but  of  Augustus,  under  whose  auspices 
it  was  undertaken:  Augustus,  Armenia  capta:  Cohen  i,  p.  64. 
8-12;  cf.  also  ib.  p.  71.  56-59;  P-  113-  360,  361;  p.  I34-  487-489- 

recepit  et  signa,   quae  M.   Crasso  ademerant  Parthi: 

This,  too,  Augustus  records,  though  without  mention  of  Tibe- 
rius: Parthos  trium  exercitum  Romano|rum  spolia  et  signa 
reddere  mihi  supplicesque  amicitiam  populi  Romani  |  petere 
coegi:  Mon.  Ancyr.  5.  40-42,  CIL  III,  p.  782.  And  this  vic- 
tory, too,  is  commemorated  by  coins,  some  bearing  the  simple 
inscription  Caesar  Augustus,  signis  Parthicis  receptis,  Cohen  i, 
p.  99.  255-263;  p.  100.  264-268;  cf.,  also,  p.  112,  358;  p.  113. 
359;  P-  133-  484,  485;  p.  134.  486;  others  have  a  more  elaborate 
statement:  S.  P.  Q.  R.  Imp.  Caesari  Aug.  cos.  XI,  tr.  pot.  VI, 
civib.  et  sign,  milit.  a  Part,  recuper.:  ib.  p.  75.  82-85;  cf.  p.  103, 
298. 

Raeticum  Vindelicutnque  bellum  gessit :  At  Mainz 
there  was  found  a  sheath,  splendidly  ornamented,  together 
with  a  sword  which  lacked  its  hilt.  They  are  now  in  the  British 
Museum.  On  the  sheath  appear  Germanicus,  returning  as  a 
victor;  Mars;  Tiberius  sitting  on  a  throne,  in  his  outstretched 
right  hand  holding  a  figure  of  Victory  and  leaning  his  left  arm 
on  a  shield  on  which  is  written  Felicitas  Tiberi;  and  Victory,  on 
whose  shield  is  written  Vic.  Aug.     In  the  middle  of  the  sheath 


1 6      Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetofiius  s  Life  of  Tiberius 

is  a  figure  of  Tiberius,  crowned  with  laurel,  represented,  within 
a  laurel  wreath,  upon  a  shield-formed  surface;  below,  a  small 
building  with  an  eagle  and  standards;  and  still  farther  below, 
an  Amazon,  holding  in  her  left  hand  a  spear,  in  her  right,  a 
battle-axe.  Because  of  the  Amazon  here  represented,  in  view 
of  Horace  Carm.  4.  4.  20,  this  relic  has  been  connected  with  the 
campaign  of  Tiberius  and  Drusus  against  the  Vindelici  in  B.  C. 
15,  but  the  interpretation  is  not  final:  CIL  XIII.  6796. 

(bellum) .  .  .  Pannonicum .  .  .  (gessit) :  For  this  victory  Ti- 
berius, stepson  and  lieutenant  general  of  Augustus,  receives 
due  credit:  Pannoniorum  gentes,  qua5  ante  me  principem  populi 
Romani  exercitus  nun|quam  adit,  devictas  per  Ti.  iVeronem, 
qui  tum  erat  pr'wignus  et  legatus  meus,  |  imperio  populi  Romani 
subieci:  Mon.  Ancyr.  5.  44-46,  CIL  III,  p.  782.  It  may  be  of 
interest  to  note  that  a  broken  bit  of  vessel  or,  it  may  be,  of  pipe 
has  been  found  in  Pannonia,  bearing  the  letters  Ti.  Ca..  .  :  CIL 
III.  10849. 

Germanicum  (bellum)  gessit:  Velleius  2.  104.  3,  4  speaks 
of  the  joy  with  which  Tiberius's  coming  into  Germany  was 
greeted,  and  it  seems  quite  probable  that  the  following  inscrip- 
tion from  Bagacum,  which  must  be  dated  between  4  and  14 
A.  D.,  the  years  in  which,  respectively,  Tiberius  was  adopted 
by  Augustus,  and  Augustus  died,  was  dedicated  as  an  expres- 
sion of  this  feeling,  and  with  reference,  perhaps,  to  this  par- 
ticular campaign:  Ti.  Caesari  Augusti  f.  |  divi  nepoti  adventui  | 
eius  sacrum  |  Cn.  Licinius  C.  f.  Vol.  Navos:   CIL  XIII.  3570. 

IX.2. 

Dalmatas  subegit :  That  Dalmatia  remained  conquered  and 
under  Roman  control  and  care  during  Tiberius's  reign  is  shown 
by  a  number  of  inscriptions,  several  of  which  testify  to  Tiberius's 
activity  in  building  roads  there:  V.  |  Ti.  Caesar  divi  Augusti 
f.  I  Augustus  imp.,  pont.  max.,  |  trib.  potest.  XIIX,  cos.  II,  | 
viam  a  Colonia  Salonitan  |  .  .  .  munlt .  .  .  mtmit  ad  summum 
montem  Ditionum  |  Ulcirum  per  millia  passuum  |  a  Salonis 
LXXVIID  I  P.  Dolabella  leg.  pro  |  pr.:  CIL  III.  3198  (cf. 
10156),  also  3199  (cf.  10157),  3200,  3201  (cf.  10159).  One  of 
these  is  dedicated  by  the  seventh  and  eleventh  legions:  Ti. 
Caesar  divi  Aug.  f.  |  Augustus  imp.,  pontif.  max.,  |  trib.  potest. 


Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Sueionins's  Life  of  Tiberius      17 

XX,  COS.  III.  i  leg.  VII,  leg.  XI,  |  P.  Cornelio  Dolabella  |  leg. 
pro  pr. :  CIL  III.  2908;  while  three  are  dedicated  to  Lucius 
Volusius  Saturninus,  an  officer  of  Tiberius  in  Dalmatia:  L. 
Volusio  L.  f.  Saturnino  |  cos.,  aug.,  sodali  Augustali,  |  sodali 
Titio,  leg.,  pro  pr.  divi  Aug.  \  leg.  pro  pr.  Ti.  Caesaris  Augusti: 
CIL  III.  2974,  also  2975,  14322.  At  least  one  tile  found  in 
Dalmatia  bears  Tiberius's  name:  Ti.  Pansiana:  CIL  III.  3213.3. 

IX.3. 
maturius  incohauit .  .  .  consulatum :  The  name  of  Tiberius 
in  his  first  consulship  (B.  C.  13),  together  with  that  of  his  col- 
league, Quintilius  Varus,  appears  in  various  inscriptions:  in  the 
Fasti  Amiternini  for  July  4,  fer(iae)  ex  s(enatus)  c(onsulto) 
q(uod)  e(o)  d(ie)  ara  Pacis  Aug.  in  camp.  Mar.  constituta  est, 
Nerone  et  Varo  cos.:  CIL  P,  p.  244;  in  the  Fasti  Colotiani,  CIL 
P,  p.  64,  the  Biondiani,  ib.  p.  65;  on  two  amphorae,  one,  found 
on  the  Esquiline,  recording  the  pouring  of  wine  that  had  been 
pressed  in  the  consulship  of  the  two  Lentuli  (B.C.  18):  Ti. 
Claudio  P.  Quinctilio  cos.  |  a.  d.  XIII.  K.  lun.  vinum  |  diffusum 
quod  natum  est  |  duobus  Lentulis  cos.,  |  autocr(atum) :  CIL  XV. 
4539'  the  other  found  in  the  ditch  of  the  agger  near  the  castra 
Praetoria,  CIL  XV.  4575;  also  on  one  of  the  pieces  of  pottery 
bearing  the  names  of  the  consuls  of  the  year,  found  near  Placen- 
tia,  CIL  P.  798  =  XI.6673.22;  in  an  inscription  recording  the 
celebration,  in  accordance  with  a  decree  of  the  senate,  by  Varus, 
together  with  his  colleague  Tiberius,  of  games  to  Jupiter  Opti- 
mus  Maximus,  because  of  the  return  of  Augustus  from  Spain 
and  Gaul,  CIL  VI.  386;  and,  further,  in  CIL  VI.  850,  9290,  the 
last  three  from  Rome;  IX.  2197  from  Telesia. 

consul  iterum:  For  this  consulship,  too,  we  have  the  evi- 
dence of  several  inscriptions,  in  some  of  which  the  names  of 
Tiberius  and  his  colleague,  Gnaeus  Calpurnius  Piso,  are  used 
simply  to  fix  the  date  (B.C.  7) :  CIL  P.  747  on  one  of  the  tesserae 
consulares;  Mon.  Ancyr.  3.28,  CIL  III.  p.  778;  on  an  amphora 
from  Cherium,  CIL  V.  8112.83;  CIL  VI.  7461  from  Rome;  IX. 
5308  from  Cupra  maritima;  X.  924  from  Pompeii.  In  CIL  IX. 
2443  Tiberius  is  given,  besides  other  titles,  that  of  consul  for 
the  second  time,  and  the  same  title  occurs  in  CIL  VI.  385, 
which  it  might  be  interesting  to  quote  in  full:  Ti.  Claudius  Ti. 
f.  Nero  I  pontifex,  cos.  iterum,  |  imp.  iterum  |  ludos  votivos  pro 


1 8      Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius 

reditu  |  Imp.  Caesaris  divi  f.  August!  |  pontificis  maximi  |  lovi 
Optimo  Maximo  fecit  |  ex  s.  c.  (cf.  CIL  VI.  386  supra).  It  is 
evident  in  this  inscription  that  after  the  seventh  line,  one  line 
has  been  carefully  erased,  which  read  about  as  follows:  cum  Cn. 
Calpurnio  Pisone  conlega:  cf.  CIL  VI.  30751. 

tribuniciam  potestatem  in  quinquennium  accepit :    The 

record  of  this  first  tenure  of  tribunician  power  is  preserved  in  an 
inscription  from  Samnium,  which  must  be  dated  between  the 
years  B.  C.  2  and  A.  D.  4:  Ti.  Claudius  Ti.  f.  Nero  pont.,  cos. 
//,  imp.  I  {?),  trib.  po/est.  V,  Nero  Claudius  Ti.  f.  Drusus  Ger- 
manicus  augur,  cos.,  imp.  murum,  portas,  turris  d{e)  s{ua) 
p(ecunia)  f(aciendas)  c(uraverunt) :   CIL  IX.  2443  (cf.  supra). 

X.I. 
M.  Agrippae  qui .  . .  Mytilenas  abierat :    A  number  of  Greek 
inscriptions,    most   of   which    honor   Agrippa  as  savior,  or   as 
savior  and  founder,  have  been  found  at  Mytilene:  6  Batxo?  1  Osov 

awTfjpa  laq  xoXio?  Mdpy.ov| 'Aypfxxav  t6v  euepyiTav  xal  xTtaxav:  IGR 
4.21;  cf.  also  IGR  4.65  b,  67  c,  68  b,  69,  70,  78  a,  79  g. 

XII.2. 
Gaium  Orienti  praepositum:  It  seems  quite  likely  that 
Gaius's  governorship  of  the  Orient  was  responsible  for  the  fol- 
lowing inscription  from  Ilium,  in  which  he  is  honored  by  both 
the  Council  and  the  people:  t)  ^ouXt)  xal  6  S-fi(jLOi;  |  Fatov  Kaicapa 
Tov  ul6v  Toij  21s^aa|ToCi  t6v  auvysv-^  xal  xaTpwva  xat  eulepyeTYjv  'zr^q 
TcoXewq:  IGR  4.205. 

M.  Lolli:  His  name  appears  on  the  bridge  leading  from 
the  city  of  Rome  to  the  island:  M.  Lollius  M.  f.  Q.  Lep'idus  M\ 
f.  COS.  ex  s.  c.  probaverunt:  CIL  VI.  1305;  and  also  on  a  marble 
base  west  of  the  Parthenon  at  Athens:  rj  ^ouXt;  |  Mdpxov  A6XXto[v]| 
dpeT'^?  I'v£x[a]:  CIA  3.584. 

XIV.3. 

Geryonis  oraculum:  More  than  fifteen  lots  have  been 
found  which  may  have  come  from  this  oracle,  but  as  yet  their 
provenance  is  a  matter  of  doubt.  A  few  may  serve  to  show  the 
general  nature  of  all,  particularly  their  extreme,  though,  of 
course,  necessary,  indefiniteness:  conrigi  vix  tandem  quod  | 
curvom  est  factum  crede:  CIL  V.  1438;  credis  quod  deicunt 
non  I  sunt  ita  ne  forestultu:  CIL  V.  1439;  de  incerto  certa  ne 
fiant  I  si  sapis  caveas:  CIL  V.    1440;  also  1 441-1454. 


Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius      19 

in  Aponi  fontem  talos  aureos  iaceret:  Though  we  have 
not,  so  far  as  I  know,  any  of  the  dice  left  today,  we  have  a  num- 
ber of  inscriptions  dedicated  to  these  waters,  of  which  the  fol- 
lowing is  an  example:  C.  Acutius  |  C.  f.  Maturus  |  A(pono) 
A(ugusto) — or  A(quis)  A(poni) — v(otum)  s(olvit)  l(ibens) 
m(erito):  CIL  V.  2783;  also  2784-2790,  8990. 

XIV.4. 

Thrasyllum:  There  is  an  inscription  from  Smyrna  of  a 
Tiberius  Claudius  Thrasyllus,  who  is  thought  by  Hirschfeld  to 
have  been  the  astrologer:  Ti.  Claudius  Ti.  Claudi  Thrasylli 
I.  .  .  \  Ti.  Caesari  Augus/o  et  Augustae  Caes.  Aug.  matri  \  Ti^epto? 
KXau3t]o(;  Tt^ept'ou  KXa[uBtou  ©paauXXou  axeXsuOepoq. .  .Tt^spttp  |  Ka(- 
aapt  Ss^aaTw  x]at  Ss^aaTfi  Kat'[aapo(;  Ss^ajTOu  txr]Tpt]:  CIL  III.  7107 
=  IGR  41392. 

XV.  I. 

deducto  in  forum  filio  Druso :  That  Drusus  took  an  active 
part  in  public  life  is  evident  from  the  many  inscriptions  either 
dedicated  to  him  or  containing  his  name  in  some  connection. 
We  learn  that  he  was  one  of  the  Arval  Brothers  (CIL  VI.  2023  a), 
that  he  was  augur,  pontifex  maximus,  quaestor,  flamen  of 
Augustus,  one  of  the  Sodales  Augustales,  one  of  the  quindecim- 
viri  sacris  faciendis,  quinquennalis,  consul  twice,  and  holder 
of  the  tribuncian  power  twice:  CIL  II.  3103,  3829,  both  from 
Tarraconensis,  5048  from  Baetica;  V.  4954  from  Camunni, 
6416.2  from  Ticinum;  VI.  910,  31280,  both  from  Rome;  IX.  35 
from  Brundisium;  X.  3694  from  Cumae,  4573  from  Caiatia, 
4617  from  Cubulteria,  4638  from  Cales,  5393.12,  5394.6,  both 
from  Aquinum,  6639.11  from  Antium;  XL  3787(?)  from  Veii, 
4777  from  Spoletium,  6689.119  (in  tegulis)  from  Tifernum  Tiberi- 
num;  XII.  147  from  Nantuates,  1847  from  Vienna  (Vienne  on 
the  Rhone);  XIII.  1036  (on  a  triumphal  arch  in  Aquitania, 
dedicated  to  Germanicus  and  to  Tiberius  together  with  Drusus) ; 
XIV.  2964.  II.  5  from  Praeneste;  Eph.  Ep.  7.  1236.  He  even 
celebrated  a  triumph  in  20  A.  D.,  as  is  known  from  CIL  XIV. 
244  from  Ostia:  M.  Valerius  Messalla,  M.  Aurelius  Cotta  cos.  \ 
V.  K.  lun.  Drusus  Caesar  \  triumphavit  ex  IWyrico.  Though  in 
most  of  the  inscriptions  containing  his  name,  and  dedicated  after 
Tiberius's  adoption  by  Augustus,  Drusus  is  called  Drusus  Caesar, 
yet  his  full  name  seems  to  have  been  Drusus  lulius  Caesar,  as  it 


20      Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius  s  Life  of  Tiberius 

appears  in  at  least  two  inscriptions,  one  from  Rome:  Druso  lulio 
Ti.  f.,  I  Augusti  nepoti  1  Caesari:  CIL  VI.  908  =  V.  2151;  the 
other  from  Halicarnassus,  inscribed  in  his  father's  honor  as  well 
as  in  his  own:  Ti^sptou  'louXfou  |Ka!aapo^ly.at  Apouaou  I'louXtou  Ka(- 
aapoql 'ApxtSaixo?  NtxoiJLaxo'J  eTrotiQaev:  CIG  2657. 

XV.2. 

Gaio  et  Lucio  intra  triennium  defunctis:  An  inscription 
from  Gabii  names  September  19,  2  A.  D.  as  the  day  of  the  death 
of  Lucius  Caesar,  and  February  21,  4  A.  D.  as  that  of  Gaius's 
death:  P.  Viniiciiis  L.  Alfenius  |  .  .  .L.  Caesar  decessit  XIII.  K. 
Oct.  I  Sex.  Aelius  C.  Sentius  |  .  .  .C.  Caesar  decessit  Villi.  K. 
Martias:  CIL  XIV.  2801.  CIL  IX.  5290  from  Cupra  maritima 
corroborates  the  date  of  Gaius's  death;  but  the  Fasti  Antiates 
record:  XIII.  K.  Sept.  Infer.  L.  Caesaris:  CIL  P,  p.  248.  As 
we  have  said  above  (VII.  3),  the  inferiae  did  not  always  mark 
the  death-day,  but  in  view  of  Aug.  LVX.  i,  where  we  are  told 
that  Augustus  lost  Gains  and  Lucius  within  a  space  of  eighteen 
months,  the  earlier  date,  August  20,  would  seem  to  be  correct. 
Gaius's  sepulchral  inscription  from  Rome  is  still  preserved: 
ossa  I  C.  Caesaris  Augusti  f.  |  principis  iuventutis:  CIL  VI.  884. 

adoptatur  ab  Augusto:  The  exact  day  of  Tiberius's  adop- 
tion, June  26,  4  A.  D.,is  recorded  by  the  Fasti  Amiternini:  VI.  K. 
lul.  fer(iae)  ex  s.  c,  quod  eo  die  imp.  \  Augustus  adoptavit  sibi  I 
filium  Ti.  Caesarem  \  AeVio  et  Sentio  cos.:  CIL  P,  p.  243.  In 
CIL  IX.  5290, 1.  7,  Mommsen  seems  wrongly  to  have  restored  the 
date  to  V.  K.  lul.,  relying,  perhaps,  on  Veil.  2.103,  where  the  error 
may  easily  be  due  to  a  scribe.  After  his  adoption  Tiberius  is 
known  usually  as  Tiberius  Caesar,  and,  after  the  death  of 
Augustus,  as  Tiberius  Caesar  Augustus  (at  least  on  coins  and 
inscriptions) ;  but  there  are  no  fewer  than  three  inscriptions  in 
which  the  gentile  name  Iiilius  is  retained,  one  from  the  province 
of  Baetica:  Herculi  Invicto  |  Ti.  lulius  Augusti  f.,  divi  nep. 
Caesar  Aug.  |  imp.,  pontifex  maxumus  ded.  |  !!!!!!!!  :  CIL  II. 
1660;  another,  a  formal  decree  of  Vespasian,  in  which  Tiberius's 
name  appears  five  times:  CIL  VI.  930,  11.  2,  5,  20,  23,  26;  the 
third,  a  Greek  inscription  from  Crete:  Tt^eptov  'louXtov  |  [S]£^aaToii 
utov:  IGR  1.958. 

simul  cum.  .  .M.  Agrippa:  One  inscription,  at  least,  def- 
initely testifies  to  his  adoption:  Agrippa  lulius  |  Augusti  f.,  div 


Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tibemis     21 

n.  I  Caesar:  CIL  X.  405  from  Volcei.  There  are  a  few  others 
dedicated  to  him  evidently  before  4  A.  D.:  CIL  II.  1528  from 
Baetica;  X.  924  from  Pompeii,  1240  from  Nola.  Another,  from 
Forum  Clodi,  giving  his  age  as  seven  years,  must  be  assigned  to 
B.  C.  5:  M.  Agrippae  M.  f.  |  Augusti  nepoti,  |  annos  nato  VII,  | 
A.  Octavius  A.  f.  Ligus,  ]  M.  GeniciHus  M.  f.  Sabin.  II  vir. : 
CIL  XI.  3305.  The  name  of  a  steward  of  Agrippa,  Atticus,  is 
preserved  in  CIL  VI.  8820  from  Rome. 

coactus    prius    ipse    Germanicum . .  .  adoptare :    In    the 

greater  number  of  the  many  inscriptions  dedicated  to  Germani- 
cus,  or  mentioning  him,  he  appears  as  Germanicus  Caesar,  Ti. 
Aug.  f. ;  cf.,  e.  g.,  CIL  II.  1517,  2039,  2198,  3104,  all  from  the 
province  of  Baetica;  III.  334  from  Apamea;  V.  4308  from  Brixia, 
6416.3  from  Ticinum;  VI.  921  b,  923,  924,  all  from  Rome;  X. 
460  from  Lucania,  513  from  Salernum,  1415  from  Herculaneum; 
XL  3306,  3308  both  from  Forum  Clodi,  3786  from  Veii,  4776 
from  Spoletium,  5224  from  Fulginiae,  6321  from  Pisaurum; 
XIII.  1036  from  Aquitania,  XIV.  83  from  Ostia,  3942  from 
Nomentum;  XV,  p.  995.1  on  a  lead  tessera,  found  in  the  Tiber; 
IGR  3.715  from  Lycia;  4. 11  from  Eresus,  326  from  Pergamum. 

XVI. I. 
Parthorum  legati  mandatis  Augusto  Romae  redditis: 

The  embassy  of  the  Parthians  is  recorded  by  Augustus,  though 
no  mention  is  made  of  their  having  been  required  to  appear 
before  Tiberius:  a  me  gentes  Parthorum  et  Medorum  per  legatos 
principes  earum  genjtium  reges  petitos  acceperunt:  Mon.  Ancyr. 
6.  9,  10,  CIL  III,  p.  784. 

XVI.2. 

toto  Illyrico .  .  .  perdomito  et  in  dicionem  redacto :  Ti- 
berius's  victory  in  Illyricum  is  noted  in  the  Fasti  Antiates:  III. 
Non.  Aug.  Ti.  Aug.  Inlyrico  vie:  CIL  P,  p.  248.  Augustus, 
too,  records  it,  but  without  mention  of  Tiberius:  protuli... 
fines  Wlyrici  ad  ripam  fluminis  ]  Dsinux:  Mon.  Ancyr.  5.  46,  47, 
CIL  III,  p.  782.  Whereas  Suetonius's  statement  makes  the 
date  when  the  Danube  became  a  boundary  of  Roman  conquest 
at  least  as  late  as  6  A.  D.,  the  Mon.  Ancyr.  appears  to  put  it 
fully  fifteen  years  earlier,  and  Dio  50.24  even  before  B.  C.  31. 

There  seems  to  be  no  authority  for  the  spelling  Danubium, 
which  appears  in  one  of  the  manuscripts  of  Suetonius.     The 


22 


Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius 


epigraphic  evidence  favors  Danuvium:  cf.  e.  g.  CIL  III.  3416, 
3676  both  from  Lower  Pannonia,  5755  from  Noricum,  5863 
from  Raetia;  VI.  32755  from  Rome. 

XVII. I. 
Ouintilius  Varus  cum  tribus  legionibus  in  Germania 
periit:  An  inscription  from  Xanten  identifies  the  i8th  legion 
as  one  of  Varus's:  M.  Caelius  |  M.  1.  |  Privatus.  |  M.  Caelius  | 
M.  1.  1  Thiaminus.  |  M.  Caelio  T.  f.  Lem(onia  tribu),  Bon(onia), 
3  leg.  XIIX,  ann.  LIII.  |  cgcidit  bello  Variano.  ossa  |  inferre 
licebit.  P.  Caelius  Te  (sic)  Lem(onia  tribu)  f rater  fecit:  CIL 
XIII.  8648.  This  legion,  together  with  the  19th,  mentioned 
by  Tac.  Ann.  i.  60.  4,  and  the  17th,  which  appears  not  to  have 
been  heard  of  after  the  disaster,  are  probably  the  three  that 
perished.  From  Pergamum  we  have  two  Greek  inscriptions 
dedicated  to  Varus  by  the  people:  6  oyjejlo?  |  HoxXtov  KotvTtXiov 
Si[^]Tou  utov  Ouapov  1  TcaaYji;  dp£T-fi[(;  ev£x]a:  IGR  4. 41 8;  also  419. 

XVII.2. 

censuerunt . . .  alii    ut    Invictus . . .  cognominaretur :    In 

the  Fasti  Amiternini  under  May  26  is  a  fragmentary  record 
which  Mommsen  thinks  may  pertain  to  this  passage  in  Sue- 
tonius, and  if  so,  may  be  supplemented  about  as  follows:  fer. 
ex  s.  c.  quod  eo  die  |  a  senatu  Ti.  Caesar  |  appellatiis  invictus  est  I 
nee  accepit:  CIL  IX,  p.  698,  note  to  n.  4192. 

XVIII. I. 
Proximo  anno  repetita  Germania:  It  was  probably  in 
honor  of  this  campaign  that  a  coin,  proclaiming  Tiberius  impe- 
rator  for  the  fifth  time,  was  struck  in  10  A.  D.:  Ti.  Caesar 
August,  f.  imperat.  V,  pontifex,  tribun.  potestate  XII:  Cohen 
I,  p.  192.  27.  It  is  possible  that  the  inscription,  quoted  under 
IX.  I  with  reference  to  the  war  in  Germany,  may  be  assigned  to 
the  time  of  this  campaign. 

XX. 

triumphum ..  .egit:  The  Fasti  Praenestini  note  the  cele- 
bration of  this  triumph:  XVII.  K.  Feb.  Ti.  Caesar  ex  Fannonia 
et  Delmatia  triumphavit:  CIL  P,  p.  231.  Probably  the  same 
ceremony,  too,  is  commemorated  on  coins,  struck  in  13,  14,  15 
A.  D.,   which    depict   Tiberius  seated   in  a    triumphal    chariot 


Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius  s  Life  of  Tiberius      23 

drawn  by  four  horses,  holding  in  one  hand  a  laurel  branch,  in 
the  other  a  sceptre  with  an  eagle,  and  bear  the  inscription  Ti. 
Caesar  Aug.  f.,  tr.  pot.  XV  (others  XVI,  XVII),  Caesar  Augustus 
divi  f.  pater  patriae:  Eck.  6,  p.  186. 

legatis .  .  .  triumphalia  ornamenta  impetrarat:  A  me- 
morial from  Tibur  of  at  least  one  of  these  generals,  proclaiming 
the  winning  of  the  triumphal  regalia,  has  been  preserved:  M. 
Plautius  M.  f.,  A.  n.  |  Silvanus,  |  cos.,  VII  vir  epulon.,  |  huic 
senatus  triumphalia  ]  ornamenta  decrevit  \  ob  res  in  Ilyrico  | 
bene  gestas.  |  Lartia  Cn.  f.  uxor.  |  A.  Plautius  M.  f.  |  Urgula- 
nius  I  vixit  ann.  IX:  CIL  XIV.  3606;  cf.  3605. 

Batonem  Pannonium  ducem:  Bato's  name  is  preserved 
in  a  fragmentary  inscription  from  Verona,  which  belonged,  evi- 
dently, to  some  officer  who  took  part  in  this  war:  .  .  .bello  \ 
Batoniano  praefuit  |  lapudiai  et  Liburn.,  j  sibi  et  libertis  | 
t(estamento)  f(ieri)  i(ussit):  CIL  V.  3346. 

dedicauit .  .  .  Concordiae  aedem:  The  dedication,  in  10 
A.  D.,  is  recorded  by  the  Fasti  Praenestini:  XVII.  K.  Feb. 
Concordiae  Kngustae  aedis  dedicata  est  P.  Dolabella  C.  Silano 
COS.:  CIL  P,  p.  231.  Another  inscription,  commemorating  the 
restoration  of  the  temple,  though  itself  of  somewhat  later  date, 
is  generally  believed  to  refer  to  the  restoration  undertaken  by 
Tiberius:  S.  P.  Q.  R.  |  aedem  Concordiae  vetustate  collapsam  | 
inmeliorem  (sic)  faciem  opere  et  cultu  splendidiore  restituit: 
CIL  VI.  89.  Five  others  dedicated  to  Concordia,  four  of  them 
in  behalf  of  the  safety  of  Tiberius  (cf.  ad  LIV),  are  likewise 
assigned  to  this  period:  CIL  VI.  90-94. 

XXI.  I. 
lege   .   lata    ut.  .   cum    Augusto . ..  censum    a[u]geret: 

Augustus  duly  names  Tiberius  as  his  assistant  in  holding  this 
census  in  14  A.  D.:  tertium  consulari  cum  imperio  lustrum  |  con- 
lega  Tib.  Caesare  filio  feci  Sex.  Pompeio  et  Sex.  Appuleio  cos.: 
Mon.  Ancyr.  2.  8,  9,  CIL  III,  p.  776.  The  only  inscription  that 
I  know  in  which  Tiberius  is  entitled  censor  is  placed  among  the 
falsifications,  though  a  few  scholars  deem  it  genuine:  M.  Plau- 
tius I  M.  f.  Anien.  |  Lucanus,  |  Ti.   Claudius  |  Ti.  f.   Pal.  |  Nero 

aed.  cur.,  |  pr.,  cens.,  II  vir  V.  .    m.  XIV  v.  v :   CIL  XIV. 

361*. 


24      Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius 

XXIII. 
iure .  .  .  .  tribuniciae  potestatis:  That  Tiberius's  tribuni- 
cian  power  was  continuous  after  his  adoption  by  Augustus  in  4 
A.  D.,  is  evident  from  a  fragment  of  the  Fasti  Cos.  Capitolini, 
which  includes  the  years  5-13,  and  names  Tiberius  with  the 
proper  tribunician  date  for  each  year  as  follows:  e.  g.,  5  A.  D., 
Ti.  Caesar  Augusti  f.,  divi  n.,  tribun.  potest.  VI  :  CIL  P,  p.  29. 

atrox  fortuna   Gaium  et  Lucium  filios  mihi  eripuit: 

Almost  the  same  wording  is  used  in  Augustus's  account  of  his 
reign:  fiRos  meos,  quos  \\x\enes  wihi  eripuit  iortuna,  Gaium  et 
Lucium  Caesares:  Mon.  Ancyr.  2.  46,  CIL  III,  p.  776. 

XXV.  2. 
Germaniciani . . .  Germanicum,  qui  turn  iis  praeerat . . . 
virgebant:  In  this  campaign  Germanicus  recovered  the  stand- 
ards that  had  been  lost  by  Varus  in  9  A.  D.,  in  token  of  which 
victory  a  coin  was  struck  with  the  following  inscription:  Ger- 
manicus Caesar,  signis  recept.  devictis  Germ.  s.  c:  Cohen  i,  p. 
225.  7.  The  very  fragmentary  inscription  from  the  arch  of 
Tiberius,  in  which  the  letters  RECIP  are  preserved,  probably 
refers  to  the  same  victory:  CIL  VI.  906;  cf.  Tac.  Ann.  2.41. i. 
A  number  of  inscriptions  of  slaves  also  bear  witness  to  the  Ger- 
man campaign,  e.  g. :  Macro  |  Germaniciano  |  Ti.  Caesaris  | 
Germano  |  natione  Vein.:  CIL  VI.  4339;  cf.  also  4336,  4337, 
4341,  4344,  4351,  4357,  4398,  all  from  Rome. 

XXV.  3. 

Libonem .  . .  secundo .  ..  anno  in  senatu  coarguit:  Cf. 
XXV.  I.  This  action  in  the  senate  is  recorded  in  the  Fasti 
Amiternini  as  follows:  fer(iae)  ex  s(enatus)  c(onsulto)  q(uod) 
e(o)  d(ie)  |  nefaria  con|silia,  quae  de  |  salute  Ti.  Caes.  libero- 
rumq(ue)  eius  et  |  aliorum  principum  civi|tatis  deq(ue)  r(e) 
p(ublica)  1  inita  ab  |  M.  Libone  erant,  |  in  senatu  |  convicta  | 
sunt:  CIL  P,  p.  244=  IX.  4192.  Since  epigraphic  evidence 
may,  as  a  rule,  be  considered  more  trustworthy  than  literary,  it 
seems  probable  that  Suetonius  is  wrong  in  calling  Libo  Lucius, 
although  Dio  57.  15  gives  him  the  same  praenomen. 

XXVI.  I. 

natalem  suum .  . . uix .  . . honorari  passus  est:  The  Antian 
calendar  shows  that  Tiberius's  birthday  fell  within  the  period 


Epigraphic  Commentary  07i  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius      25 

of  the  celebration  in  the  Circus:  XVI.  K.  Dec.  in  Circ.  Ti.  Aug. 
natal.:  CIL  I-,  p.  249;  cf.  Comm.  Diurni,  p.  335.  That  the 
day  did  receive  recognition  is  evident  from  at  least  two  inscrip- 
tions, one  the  Acts  of  the  Arval  Brothers:  idem  pro  magistro 
ex  decreto  consulum  {^)  oh  natalem  \  Ti.  Caesaris  divi  August?'  /. 
Augusti,  pontificis  maximi,  \  tribunic.  potestate  XXXV//,  cos. 
V,  I{ovi)  O(ptimo)  M(aximo)  b{ovem)  m{arem)  \  immolavit: 
CIL  VI.  2025  a;  the  other  from  Forum  Clodi  in  Etruria  for  the 
year  18  A.  D.:  Ti.  Caesare  tert.  Germanico  Caesare  iter,  cos.,  | 
Cn.  Acceio  Cn.  f.  Arn(iensi  tribu)  Rufo  Lutatio,  T.  Petillio  P. 
f.  Qui(rina  tribu)  II  vir.,  |  decreta:  |  ....natali  Ti.  Caesaris 
perpetue  acturi  decuriones  |  et  populus  cenarent  —  quam  in- 
pensam  Q.  Cascell/o  Labeone  |  in  perpetuo.  pollicenti,  ut  gratiae 
agerentur  munificentiae  eius  —  eoque  |  natali  ut  quotannis 
vitulus  inmolaretur.  |  et  ut  natalibus  Augusti  et  Ti.  Caesarum, 
priusquam  ad  vescendum  |  decuriones  irent,  thure  et  vino  genii 
eorum  ad  epulandum  ara  |  numinis  Augusti  invitarentur:  CIL 
XL  3303. 

templa,  flamines,  sacerdotes  decerni  sibi  prohibuit:    In 

spite  of  this  prohibition  there  are  a  number  of  inscriptions  of 
temples,  flamens,  seviri,  and  priests  of  Tiberius,  none,  however, 
occurring  in  Rome.  A  Greek  inscription  from  Cyprus  names  a 
priest  of  the  temple  of  Tiberius  (IGR  3.  933),  and  a  Latin  one 
from  the  province  of  Byzacena  is  thought  by  Furneaux  (I,  p. 
535)  to  have  belonged  either  to  a  temple  or  to  an  altar:  Romae 
et  Imp.  Ti.  Caesari  |  Augusto  sacrum  |  |||||||  :  CIL  VIII.  685. 
CIL  II.  49  from  Lusitania,  IX.  652  from  Lavello,  X.  688  from 
Surrentum  are  each  dedicated  to  a  flamen  of  Tiberius.  CIL  IX. 
6415  from  Asculum,  XL  3781  from  Veii,  Dessau  6565  from 
Asculum  are  dedicated  to,  or  mention,  seviri  of  Tiberius.  IGR 
3.474  from  Lycia,  1344  from  Arabia,  1473  from  Galatia,  4.256, 
257  both  from  Assus,  454  from  Pergamum,  CIG  2943  from 
Nysa,  each  name  a  priest  of  Tiberius,  the  latter  two  even  before 
he  was  adopted  by  Augustus.  Fougeres^  believes  that  the  cult 
of  Tiberius  existed  in  Lycia  before  it  was  made  a  province,  and 
that  it  remained  as  a  separate  worship  even  after  the  cult  of  the 
Augusti  was  inaugurated  in  the  province. 

(prohibuit) .  . .  statuas  atque  imagines  nisi  permittente 
se  poni:    There  is  epigraphical   evidence  for  several   statues 

*  G.  Foug^res,  De  Lyciorum  commimi,  Paris,  1898,  p.  105. 


26      Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius 

dedicated  to  Tiberius,  though  whether  with  or  without  his  per- 
mission we  cannot  say:  dedicatione  statuarum  Caesarum  et 
Augustae  mulsum  et  crustla  ]  pecunia  nostra  decurionib.  et 
populo  dedimus,  perpetuoque  eius  die  |  dedicationis  daturo. 
nos  testati  sumus,  quern  diem  quo  frequentior  quod|annis  sit, 
servabimus  VI.  Idus  Martias,  qua  die  |  Ti.  Caesar  pontif. 
maximus  felicissime  est  creatus:  CIL  XI.  3303  (18  A.  D.  from 
Etruria,  cf.  supra  ad  natalem  etc.) ;  also  CIL  X.  7257.  19-23  from 
Mt.  Eryx,  XIII.  1769  from  Lugdunum,  IGR  3.  157  from  Ancyra, 
in  the  Augusteum  together  with  the  Mon.  Ancyr.,  933  from 
Cyprus. 

Various  other  inscriptions,  especially  from  the  eastern  prov- 
inces, seem  to  indicate  the  deification  of  Tiberius,  e.  g. :  num'im 
ac  providentiae  |  Ti.  Caesar.  Aug.  et  senatus  1  eius  die  qui  fuit 
XV.  K.  Novembr.  |  Viriasius  Naso  procos.  tertio  sua  pecunia  | 
consecravit:  CIL  III.  12036  from  Crete;  also  II.  1516  from 
Baetica.  Of  the  inscription  on  the  obelisk  brought  by  Gaius 
from  Egypt,  placed  in  his  gardens  on  the  Vatican,  and  now 
standing  in  front  of  St.  Peter's,  Mommsen  says  that  one  could 
not  easily  find  another  example  of  such  a  consecration  made 
to  a  man  who  had  died  and  had  not  been  enrolled  among  the 
gods:  divo  Caesari  divi  lulii  f.  Augusto  |  Ti.  Caesari  divi  Augusti 
f.  Augusto  I  sacrum:  CIL  VI.  882.  And  the  following  Greek 
inscriptions  are  some  in  which  Tiberius  is  called  Qeoq:  IGR  1.853 
from  Oczakow,  3.  715,  720,  721  all  from  Lycia,  933  from  Cyprus, 
4.  71  from  Mytilene,  144  from  Cyzicus  (in  which  he  is  called  the 
greatest  of  the  gods),  1144  from  Lindus. 

XXVI.  2. 

praenomen .  . .  imperatoris  recusauit:  Although  Tiberius 
did  decline  this  forename,  there  are  many  inscriptions,  particu- 
larly Greek,  in  which  it  appears,  none,  it  is  true,  from  the  City 
itself:  Imp.  Ti.  Caesari  divi  Aug.  f.  Aug.,  pontif.  maximo,  tri- 
bunic.  potest.  XXXVIII,  cos.  V,  |  L.  Manilius  L.  f.  Arn.  Bucco 
II  vir  dedicavit  (36  A.  D.):  Rev.  Arch.  23  (1914),  p.  488;  also 
CIL  III.  8512  (26  A.  D.)  from  Dalmatia,  10918  from  Upper 
Pannonia;  VIII.  685  (cf.  ad  templa  etc.  XXVI.  i),  5205  from 
proconsular  Numidia,  10018,  10023,  10492  (?)  all  from  Africa; 
Eph.  Ep.  5.  1336;  8,  p.  462.  219;  and  the  following  Greek  in- 


Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius     27 

scriptions:  AuxoxpaTopo?  |  Ti^£p(ou  Kataapoq  Se^aaTOu:  Curtius  u. 
Adier  221.  i,  2;  also  IGR  i.  659  from  Lower  Moesia,  853  from 
Oczakow  (4-14A.  D.),  1164(32-38  A.  D.),  1 166  both  from  Egypt; 
3.  845  from  Cilicia;  4.  10,  ii  both  from  Eresus,  71,  72,  75  all 
from  Mytilene,  137  from  Cyzicus,  1288  from  Monghla. 

cognomen ...  pa tris  patriae ...  (recusaiiit) :  There  is  a 
coin  on  which  this  surname  of  Tiberius  appears:  Ti.  Caesar 
divi  Aug.  f.,  pater  patriae:  Cohen  i,  p.  193.  42.  But  in  view  of 
Suetonius's  statement  and  of  Tac.  Ann.  i.  72.  2,  there  does  not 
seem  to  be  sufficient  justification  for  conferring  the  title  upon 
Tiberius  in  the  emendations  of  the  Acta  Arvalium,  CIL  VI. 
2024.  5,  II,  f.  13;  2026.  3.  Dennison  (p.  62)  is  wrong  in  men- 
tioning CIG  2087  (  =  IGR  I.  853)  as  an  inscription  in  which 
Tiberius  is  called  pater  patriae,  for  the  title  clearly  belongs  to 
Augustus:  AuToxpaxopt  Kalaapi  6e(I)  OsoG  ulo)  Sel^acTw,  apxtepet 
[xeyfaTOJ,  xaxpi  xaxptSoq  xal  xoQ  auixxavToq  d[v6p]a)xci)V  ysvouq,  1  xal 
Auxo/.paTopt  Se^aaxo)  Bsou  ulw  Ttl^spEo)  Kataapt  xal  tco  o-i][KOi  "A^ocPo(;| 
KaXXtjOsvouq  £x  xwv  to£(ov  dv£0Y]|xs  xtqv  axodv. 

ne  August!  quidem  nomen  .  epistulis  addidit:  But  the 
title  Augustus  is  very  common  in  inscriptions  of  Tiberius:  v. 
passim. 

nec  amplius  quam  mox  tres  consulatus,  unum  paucis 
diebus.  .  .  gessit:  There  is  epigraphic  evidence  for  Tiberius's 
third  consulship  (18  A.  D.)  in  the  inscription  of  Scirtus,  a  char- 
ioteer for  the  white  faction:  Ti.  Caesare  III  Germanico  Caesar. 
II  COS.:  CIL  P,  p.  73  =  VI.  10051;  also  CIL  IV.  1885  from  Pom- 
peii; VI.  1985  from  Rome;  XL  1356  from  Luna,  3303  from  Forum 
Clodi.  CIL  P,  p.  72  =  X.  6639,  from  Antium,  also  names 
Tiberius  and  Germanicus  as  consuls,  at  the  same  time  giving 
the  name  of  the  consul,  Tubero,  elected  to  take  the  place  of 
Tiberius  after  he  had  withdrawn.  At  least  two  inscriptions  of 
that  year  bear  the  names  of  Germanicus  and  Tubero  as  con- 
suls: Cereri  August.  |  matri  agr.  |  L.  Bennius  Primus  |  mag. 
pagi  I  Bennia  Primigenia  |  magistra  fecer.  |  Germanico  Caesare 
II  I  L.  Seio  Tuberone  cos.  |  dies  sacrifici  XIII.  K.  Mai:  CIL  XL 
3196  from  Nepet;  also  IX.  3664  from  Marruvium. 

alterum  tribus  mensibus:  Only  two  inscriptions  noting 
this  fourth  consulship  of  Tiberius  (21  A.  D.)  seem  to  have  sur- 
vived— one,  the  same  inscription  of  Scirtus  mentioned  above: 


28      Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius^ s  Life  of  Tiberius 

Ti.  Caesare  IIII  Druso  Caesar.  II  cos.:  CIL  I'^  p.  73;  the  other, 
a  fragment  of  the  Acta  Arvalium,  CIL  VI.  32340. 

tertium  absens  usque  in  Idus  Maias:  Besides  the  coin 
mentioned  under  LXV.i  (q.  v.  in  connection  with  this  passage), 
there  is,  so  far  as  I  know,  only  one  inscription,  from  Nola,  nam- 
ing the  consuls  for  31  A.  D.,  Tiberius's  fifth  consulship,  and  in 
that  the  name  of  Sejanus,  his  colleague,  has  been  erased:  Ti. 
Caesar  Aug.  V  cos.  !!!!!!!!!!!!  |  suf.  VII.  Id.  Mai  Faustus 
Cornelius  Sulla  Sex.  Teidius  Catull.  cos.,  |  suf.  K.  lul.  L.  Ful- 
cinius  Trio  cos.,  |  suf.  K.  Oct.  P.  Memmius  Regulus  cos.:  CIL 
X.  1233.  On  a  broken  amphora  found  in  the  ditch  of  the  agger 
near  the  castra  Praetoria  appears  the  name  of  Tiberius  as  con- 
sul for  the  fifth  time:  Ti.  Caesare  V  cos.  |  Gaditanum:  CIL  XV. 
4570;  and  also  in  an  inscription  from  the  City  which  gives 
perhaps  as  full  information  on  Tiberius's  offices  and  titles  as 
any  (36  A.  D.):  Ti.  Caesari  divi  |  Augusti  f.,  divi  luli  |  nepoti 
Aug.,  pontifici  |  maximo,  cos.  V,  |  imp.  VIII,  tr.  pot.  XXXVIII,  | 
auguri,  XV  vir.  sacr.  |  faciend.,  VII  vir.  epulon.  |  L.  Scribonius 
L.  f.  Vot,  Celer  |  aedil.  ex  d(ecreto)  d(ecurionum)  |  pro  ludis: 
CIL  VI.  903. 

XXVII. 

consularem . .  satisfacientem  sibi  ..  suifugerit:  Cf. 
XXIX. 

XXIX. 

0^  Haterio:  This  man  is,  according  to  Tac.  Ann.  i.  13,  the 
ex-consul  alluded  to  in  XXVII.  We  have  one  fragmentary 
inscription  of  him:  Q.  Haterius.  .  .  |  sortit.,  tr.  pi.,  pr.,  VII  vir 
epuloniim.  .  .  ;  CIL  VI.  1426;  and  two  from  the  columbarium  of 
his  slaves:  Materia  |  Dorchas  |  sibi  et  |  Primo  |  Q.  Hateri  Cel- 
lario  I  viro  suo  et  patrono  emit  d(e)  s(uo):  CIL  VI.  9251;  also 
9252. 

XXX. 

conseruatis  senatui   .  .maiestate  pristina  et  potestate: 

The  attitude  of  Tiberius  toward  the  senate  is  portrayed  in  the 
speech  of  Claudius  on  the  question  of  giving  the  Gauls  the  right 
of  holding  offices  (48  A.  D.),  which  was  found  on  a  bronze 
tablet  in  the  province  of  Lugdunum:  sane  |  novo  more  et  divus 
Augustus  avonculus  mens  et  patruus  Ti.  |  Caesar  omnem  florem 


Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius      29 

ubique  coloniarum  ac  municipiorum,  bo|norum  scilicet  virorum 
et  locupletium,  in  hac  curia  esse  voluit:  CIL  XIII.  1668.  II. 
2-4.  Freedom  of  government  might  have  been  thought  still 
to  exist  so  long  as  Tiberius  merely  recommended  men  to  the 
senate  for  ofifice,  as  was  the  case  recorded  in  an  inscription 
from  Allifae,  now  rather  fragmentary:  .  .  .  .viacure  |  .  .  .tr.  p\., 
pr.,  leg.  I  imp.  Caesaris  August!  |  iter.,  per  commendation.  |  Ti. 

Caesaris  Augusti  |  ab  senatu  cos.  dest.  | patrono:   CIL  IX. 

2342. 

XXXI.  2. 

Cetera.  .  .  per  tnagistratus .  .  .  agebantur:  That  magis- 
trates in  goodly  numbers  did  exist  and  even  flourish  under  Ti- 
berius seems  evident  from  the  numerous  inscriptions  of  them 
that  have  survived, — a  circumstance  from  which  it  seems  not 
unreasonable  to  concl-ude  that  their  position  was  probably  just 
about  the  same  as  under  Augustus  and  the  republic.  Of  prae- 
fecti  qtiinquennales  of  Tiberius  there  are  at  least  three  inscriptions: 
CIL  IX.  4122  from  the  country  of  the  Aequiculi,  X.  5393  from 
Aquinum,  6101  from  Formiae;  of  procuratores,  two:  CIL  X.  7489 
from  Lipara,  XII.  5842  from  the  state  of  the  Vocontii;  of  prae- 
fecti  castrorum,  one:  CIL  X.  4868  from  Venafrum;  of  legati, 
seven :  CIL  V.  2823  from  Patavium  (also  leg.  pro  pr.  of  Tiberius), 
4329  from  Brixia;  VI.  879  from  Rome  {leg.  pro  pr.);  IX.  5645 
from  Trea;  X.  5182  from  Casinum;  XIV.  3598  from  Tibur; 
IGR  3.522  from  Lycia  (of  Sextus  Marcius  Priscus,  legatus  of 
Vespasian  and  of  all  the  emperors  from  Tiberius) ;  of  quaestores 
of  Tiberius,  five:  CIL  II.  3837  from  Saguntum;  XIV.  2802  from 
Gabii,  3607,  3608  both  from  Tibur;  IGR  3.703  from  Lycia;  one 
praefectiis  fahrum  of  Tiberius,  from  Mogantiacum :  CIL  XIII. 
6816;  one  aequator  monetae,  a  slave  of  Tiberius,  from  Lugdunum: 
CIL  XIII.  1820;  and  one  from  Sestinum  of  a  man  who,  when 
appointed  to  Egypt  by  Tiberius  in  a  judicial  capacity,  died  in 
Aquitania:  L.  Voluseno  |  L.  f.  Clu(stumina  tribu)  Clementi  | 
trib.  mil.,  praef.  |  equit.,  praef.  tir.  |  Gall.  Narbonen?  |  sis.  .  .  | 
censum?  \  accepit  missus  a  |  divo  Aug.;  hie  cum  |  mitteretur  a 
Ti.  Caes.  Aug.  |  in  Aegypt.  ad  iur.  diet.,  |  decessit  provinc.  | 
Aquitania:  CILXI.6011. 

XXXII.  I. 

de  tribuendis.  .  .militaribus  donis:    A  number  of  inscrip- 
tions record  the  presentation  of  military  gifts  by  Tiberius.     From 


30      Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius 

Dalmatia  there  are  three:  one  of  a  certain  Cornelius  presented 
with  a  golden  wreath  and  a  spear  without  an  iron  head,  CIL 
III.  2018;  one  of  Marcus  Vireius  Celer,  presented  with  a  necklace, 
bracelets  and  breast  ornaments,  CIL  III.  2718;  one  dedicated 
to  Janus  by  a  soldier  whom  Tiberius  had  presented  with  a  neck- 
lace: lano  patri  |  Aug.  sacrum  |  C.  luHus  C.  f.  Ser(gia  tribu)  ] 
Aetor  aed.,  |  donatus  ab  Ti.  Caes.  |  Aug.  f.  Augusto  torq.  |  maiore 
bello  Delmajtico,  ob  honorem  |  Ilviratus  cum  liberis  |  suis 
posuit:  CIL  III.  3158  (on  the  Dalmatian  War,  cf.  IX.  2). 
Lucius  Antonius  Quadratus  of  the  twentieth  legion  was  pre- 
sented with  necklaces  and  bracelets:  CIL  V.  4365  from  Brixia; 
and  Marcus  Vergilius  Lusius  with  two  spears  without  iron 
heads,  and  with  golden  wreaths  by  both  Augustus  and  Tiberius: 
CIL  X.  4862  from  Venafrum;  cf.  also  XII.  243o(?)  from  Gallia 
Narbonensis. 

quasi  non  omnium  tribuendorum  ipsi  (consulares)  ius 
haberent:  An  inscription  from  Africa  shows  that  the  ex- 
consuls  evidently  had  the  right,  too,  of  levying  in  their  prov- 
inces: L.  Flaminius  L.  f.  Arn(iensi  tribu),  |  mil.  leg.  Ill  Aug.  |  V 
luli  Long*  dilecto  |  lectus  ab  M.  Silano  mil.  |  annis  XIX  in 
praesidio  |  ut  esset  in  saltu  Philomulsiano;  ab  hostem  {sic)  in 
pugna  I  occisus,  vixit  pie  |  annis  XL  |  h(ic)  s(itus)  e(st):  CIL 
VIII.  14603. 

XXXIII. 

Paulatim  principem  exeruit:  There  are  two  inscriptions 
which  may,  perhaps,  be  illustrative  of  Tiberius's  gradually 
increasing  show  of  authority.  Under  XXX  is  quoted  an  in- 
scription of  a  man  merely  recommended  for  office.  From  Brixia 
we  have  one,  rather  fragmentary,  of  a  man  chosen  by  a  decree 
of  the  senate  and  by  the  authority  of  Tiberius  Caesar,  CIL  V. 
4348;  while  from  Aquinum  there  is  one  of  a  man  chosen  as 
patron  of  the  colony  by  the  authority  and  permission  of  Tiberius: 
Q.  Decio  Q.  f.,  M.  n.  I  Saturnino  |  pontif.  minori  Romae,  tubi- 
cini  1  sacror.  publ.  p.  R.  quirit.,  praef.  fabr.,  cos.  |  ter,  curatori 
viarum  Labic.  |  et  Latinae,  |  trib.  mil.,  praef.  fabr.  i.  d.  et  sor- - 
tiend.  |  iudicibus  in  Asia,  |  IIII  vir.  i.  d.  Veronae,  |  q.  bis,  II 
vir.  i.  d.,  II  vir.  iter.,  quinq.,  praef.  |  quinq.  Ti.  Caesaris  August! 
iter.,  I  Drusi  Caesaris  Ti.  f.  tertio,  Neronis  |  Caesaris  Germanici 
f.,  pontif.,  fiamini  |  Romae  et  divi  August,  perpetuo,  ex  auctor.  | 


Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Sitctofiiiis's  Life  of  Tiberius      31 

Ti.   Caesaris  Augusti  et  permissu  ems  \  cooptato  coloniae  pa- 
trono,  I  publice  d.  d.:    CIL  X.  5393. 

XXXV.  2. 

sub  Kal.  lul. .  .  .  conduceret:  In  the  one  inscription  that 
I  have  found  concerning  renting  of  houses,  the  date  named  is  the 
Ides  of  July,  but  it  has  been  emended  to  the  Kalends,  on  the 
strength,  partly,  of  this  passage  in  Suetonius:  insula  Arriana  | 
PoUiana  Cn.  Al/ci  Nigidi  Mai  |  locantur  ex  K.  lulis  primis 
tabernae  |  cum  pergulis  suis  et  cenacula  |  equestria,  et  domus 
conductor  |  convenito  primum  Cn.  h\le\  \  Nigidi  Mai  ser. :  CIL 
IV.  138  from  Pompeii.  Cic.  Ad  Q.  fr.  2.2^.7,  Ep.  13.2;  Mart. 
12.  32.1;  and  Petron.  38  also  mention  the  Kalends  of  July  as 
moving  day,  or  the  day  for  renting  houses. 

XXXVI. 

externas  caerimonias,  Aegyptios  ludaicosque  ritus  com- 
pescuit:  As  pontifex  maximus  the  emperor  had  a  free  hand 
in  regulating  forms  of  religious  worship  and  in  determining  the 
gods  who  should  be  recipients  of  that  worship.  That  Tiberius 
held  that  olifice  is  evident  from  many  inscriptions, — from  the 
calendars,  which  record  the  date  of  his  attaining  to  it,  Mar.  10, 
15  A.  D.:  VI.  Id.  Mart,  feriae  ex  s.  c.  q(uod)  e(o)  d{ie)  Ti. 
Caesar  pontifex  max.  fac.  est  Druso  et  |  Norbano  cos.:  Fasti 
Praen.,  CIL  P,  p.  233,  cf.  Fasti  Vaticani,  CIL  VI.  2299,  and 
CIL  XI.  3303  fin.  (quoted  under  XXVI.  i  prohibuit  statuas 
etc.) ;  and  from  the  numerous  inscriptions  in  which  the  title  is 
affixed  to  his  name,  e.  g. :  Tib.  Caesar  divi  |  Augusti  f .  Augustus,  | 
pont.  max.,  imp.,  trib.  |  potest.  XVIII,  cos.  desig.  tert. :  CIL 
III.  2972  from  Dalmatia;  also  XIV.  291 1  from  Praeneste. 

That  the  earlier  cults,  both  Roman  and  Greek,  still  lived,  is 
evident  from  inscriptions  honoring  the  old  gods,  e.  g.  on  a  stone 
altar  in  the  land  of  the  Petrucorii,:  lovi  O.  M.  et  |  Genio  |  Ti. 
Augusti  I  sacrum,  I  laniones:  CIL  XIII.  941;  also  of  Jupiter, 
CIL  XIII.  3026  a.  I.  from  Lutetia  Parisiorum;  of  Janus,  one 
from  Dalmatia,  quoted  under  XXXII.  i  (CIL  III.  3158);  of 
the  Olympian  Zeus,  for  the  safety  of  Tiberius  and  Livia,  IGR 
3.  1344  from  Arabia;  of  Cronos,  from  Egypt,  32  A.  D.,  dedi- 
cated, however,  by  a  suppliant  (or  priest  =  xpoaTiTTjc;)  of  Isis; 
IGR  I.  1 1 72  of  Apollo,  from  Egypt,  24  A.  D.,  IGR.  i.  1320;  of 


32      Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius 

Aphrodite,  from  her  temple  in  Paphos,  IGR  3.  941  (15  A.  D.), 
942;  of  Pluto  from  Galatia,  IGR  3.  1473;  of  Hermes,  from  Egypt, 
IGR  I.  1362  (33  A.  D.),  1365  (35  A.  D.),  1366  (27/28  A.  D.); 
of  Pan,  also  all  from  Egypt,  IGR  i.  1237  (20  A.  D.),  1239  (29 
A.  D.),  1240  (30  A.  D.),  the  last  two  being  dedicated  also  to  the 
gods  having  the  same  temple  with  Pan.  But  there  are  also 
several  from  Egypt  honoring  Egyptian  deities,  from  which  it 
may  be  concluded,  that  even  if  Tiberius  drove  Egyptian  rites 
from  Rome,  he  did  not  attempt  to  suppress  them  outside  of 
Rome:  of  Isis  there  is  one  from  23  A.  D.,  IGR  i.  1309;  of 
Isis,  Harpocrates  and  Pan,  "the  greatest  gods,"  one  from  21/22 
A.  D.,  IGR  I.  1 171;  of  Serapis,  one  from  20/21  A.  D.,  IGR  i. 
1051;  and  of  Thermouthis,^  one  from  25  A.  D.,  IGR  i.  1084. 

XXXVII.  3. 

Cotti  regno:  On  an  arch  at  Segusio  there  is  an  inscription 
to  Augustus,  in  which  are  named  the  peoples  that  comprised 
the  kingdom  of  Cottius:  Imp.  Caesari  Augusto  divi  f.,  pontifici 
maxumo,  tribunic.  potestate  XV,  imp.  XIII,  |  M.  lulius  Regis 
Donni  f.  Cottius  praefectus  ceivitatium  quae  subscriptae  sunt: 
Segoviorum,  Segusinorum,  ]  Belacorum,  Caturigum,  Medul- 
lorum,  Tebaviorum,  Adanatium,  Savincatium,  Ecdiniorum, 
Veaminiorum,  |  Venisamorum,  lemeriorum,  Vesubianiorum, 
Quadiatium,  et  ceivitates  quae  sub  eo  praefecto  fuerunt:  GIL 
V.  7231.  Two  inscriptions  of  freedmen  of  Cottius  also  have 
survived:    GIL  V.  7262  (?),  7296,  both  from  Segusio. 

aboleuit  et  ius  nioremque  asylorum:  In  connection  with 
this  there  is  an  interesting  inscription  from  Nysa  (mentioned 
ad  XXVI.  i),  which  notes  the  restoration  of  records  concerning 
the  gods  and  the  right  of  asylum:  multa.  .  .  'ApTs^Jt-'^wpo?  At^txY)- 
xptou,. .  ArA[iE\rfie\qdizoy.axhzr,\at'^elq]'zb'{gixa[xoi.T[zi]oy'ioc.  ispa  Ypa[j,[jLaTa 
xspt  Twv  e£wv|/.al  'z-qq  dcuXIa?  a!jT[(I)]v  xxi  ii)[q]  I'/.cjIac;  y.al  Tf)<;  xcpi  t6 
t£|p6v  aT[£]X[£l]a?  etc.  :  GIG  2943. 

Cyzicenis .  .  .  libertateni  ademit:  Though  there  is  no  in- 
scription from  Cyzicus  referring  to  this  particular  incident, 
there  are  three  of  interest  in  connection  with  Tiberius:  one 
(mentioned  ad  XXVI.  2),  a  simple  dedication  giving  merely 
Tiberius's  name,   IGR  4.    137;  another  recording  the  respect 


*  Cf.  W.  Spiegelberg,  Aegypt.  u.  griech.  Eigennamen, Leipzig,  1901,  pp.  12*  ff. 


Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius     33 

shown  to  Tiberius  and  his  family  by  Antonia  Tryphaena,  the 
daughter  of  royal  parentage,  and  her  dedication  to  Athena 
Polias  of  a  statue  of  Livia,  termed  Nst>cT)(j)6po<;,  the  epithet  of 
the  goddess  herself,  bestowed  because  of  the  great  help  given 
by  Athena  to  the  people  of  Cyzicus  in  the  Mithridatic  war,^ 
IGR  4.  144;  the  third,  on  an  honorary  arch  erected  jointly 
to  Augustus,  Tiberius  and  Claudius  by  the  Roman  citizens 
at  Cyzicus  and  the  inhabitants  of  Cyzicus:  divo  Aug.  Caesari, 
Ti.  Aug.  divi  Aug.  f.  \  imp.,  Ti.  Claudio  Drusi  f.  Caesari  Aug. 
Ger|manico  pont.  max.,  tr.  p.  XI,  cos.  V,  imp.  XXI,  \  p.  p., 
vind.  lib.,  dev'xctori  regum  XI  \  Britanniae,  arcum  posuerunt  \ 
c.  R.  qui  Cyzici  consistunt  \  et  Cyziceni  \  curatore.  .  . :  CIL 
III.  7061. 

XXXVII.  4. 

Archelaum  Cappadocem:    Cf.  VIII. 

XXXIX. 
Germanicus  in  Syria .  .  .  (obierat) :  The  Fasti  Antiates 
mark  Oct.  10  as  Infer.  Germanic.  (CIL  P,  p.  249),  which  may, 
therefore,  have  been  the  day  of  his  death;  and,  in  fact,  being 
so  interpreted,  it  has  caused  the  following  restoration  in  the 
Ostian  calendar:  inferiae  actae  ob  excessum  Germanici:  CIL 
XIV.  244.  A  number  of  inscriptions  from  the  East,  dedicated 
to  Germanicus,  are  probably  due  to  his  having  been  in  Asia 
Minor:  CIL  III.  334  from  Apamea,  426  from  Ephesus;  IGR  3. 
715  from  Lycia,  4.  ii  from  Eresus,  326  and  327  from  Pergamum, 
979  from  Samos. 

Drusus  Romae  obierat:  We  have  an  honorary  tablet 
dedicated  to  Drusus  by  the  plebs  of  the  city,  probably  after 
his  death:  plebs  urbana  quinque  et  |  triginta  tribuum  |  Druso 
Caesari  Ti.  Aug.  f.,  |  divi  Augusti  n.,  |  divi  lulii  pronepoti,  | 
pontifici,  auguri,  sodal.  Augustal.,  |  cos.  iterum,  tribunic.  potest, 
iter.,  I  acre  conlato:  CIL  VI.  910;  also  the  fragments  of  a  se- 
natusconsultum  decreeing  honors  to  Drusus  after  his  death: 
CIL  VI.  912.  In  CIL  XII.  3180,  3207,  both  from  Nemausus, 
and  in  Curtius  u.  Adler  372,  Germanicus  and  Drusus  are  asso- 
ciated, the  first  two  inscriptions  being  dedicated  each  to  a  flamen 
of  both  Germanicus  and  Drusus,  the  third  recording  the  honor 


1  K.  J.  Marquardt,  Cyzicus,  Berlin,  1836,  p.  132. 


34      Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius 

paid  them  both  by  the  city  of  the  Eleans  and  the  Olympic 
Council.  CIL  II.  194  from  Lusitania,  XII.  1872  from  Vienna 
(Vienne  on  the  Rhone),  are  each  dedicated  to  a  f^amen  of  Ger- 
manicus. 

XL. 
cum.Nolae  templum  Augusti  .  dedicasset:  The  fla- 
men  of  Augustus  to  whom  the  following  inscription  from  Nola 
is  dedicated,  was,  perhaps,  connected  with  this  temple:  L.  Curi- 
atio  L.  f.  I  flamini  divi  Augusti,  |  prim,  pil.,  trib.  milit.  II,  | 
praef.  castr.,  praef.  fabr.,  |  arbitratu  Hyacinthi  lib.:  CIL  X. 
1262. 

Capreas  se  contulit:  A  few  inscriptions  of  home-born 
slaves  from  Capri  have  been  preserved,  which  are  believed  to 
belong  to  members  of  Tiberius's  household  on  that  island : 
lunoni  |  Dorcadis  |  luliae  Augustae  1.  vernae  Caprensis  |  orna- 
tricis  I  Lycastus  conlibertus  |  rogator  coniugi  |  carissimae  sibi: 
CIL  VI.  8958;  also  VI.  8409  a,  X.  6638.  C.  3.  3. 

XLI. 
ut.  .  Moesiam  uastari  neglexerit:  Yet  two  inscriptions 
from  Moesia  tell  us  that  two  legions  were  stationed  there,  con- 
firming the  statement  in  Tac.  Ann.  4.  5.  5:  Ti.  Caesare  Aug.  f.  | 
Augusto  imperator.,  |  pont.  max.,  tr.  pot.  XXXV.  |  leg.  IIII 
Scyt.,  leg.  V.  Maced.:  CIL  III.  1698;  cf.  also  13813  b. 

XLII.  I. 
Pomponio  Flacco :  The  name  of  Pomponius,  who  was  consul 
in  17  A.  D.,  together  with  that  of  his  colleague,  C.  Caelius 
Rufus,  appears  in  several  inscriptions, — in  the  Fasti  Arvalium, 
CIL  P,  p.  70;  the  Fasti  Ant.,  CIL  P,  p.  72;  the  inscription  of 
Scirtus,  CIL  P,  p.  73;  and  in  the  Fasti  Lunenses,  where,  however, 
we  read  L.  Pontio  Flacco  C.  Caecilio  cos.:  CIL  I-,  p.  "jt,. 

L.  Pisone:  His  name  occurs  a  number  of  times  in  the  Acta 
Arvalium,  CIL  VI.  2023  a.  7,  14,  23;  2024.  2,  32;  32340;  also  in 
the  Fasti  Colotiani  as  consul  for  B.  C.  15,  together  with  Marcus 
Livius  Drusus,  CIL  P,  p.  64;  and  in  an  inscription  from  Veleia, 
CIL  XL  1 182.  The  following  inscription  of  a  slave  of  Lucius 
Piso  may  belong  either  to  one  of  his  slaves,  or  to  one  of  those 
of  the  Piso  who  was  consul  in  57  A.  D.:  lulla  |  L.  Pisonis  pontif. 
Aemilia  Helpis  |  merenti  fecit;  CIL  VI.  20743;  cf.  Ephem.  Ep. 
I,  pp.  148,  149. 


Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius      35 

XLII.  2. 

Cestio  Gall[i]o:  His  name,  together  with  that  of  his  col- 
league, M.  Servilius  Nonianus,  as  consuls  for  the  year  35  A.  D., 
appears  in  an  inscription  from  Rome,  Notizie  degli  Scavi  1894, 
p.  280,  and  in  another  from  Sicily,  IGR  i.  495  (the  form  Cestius 
rather  than  Sestius,  which  some  manuscripts  give,  being  con- 
firmed by  the  Greek  transliteration  KeGiioq). 

XLVII. 
Princeps  neque  opera  ulla  magnifica  fecit:  But  many 
inscriptions  are  evidence  that  Tiberius,  as  emperor,  was  not 
neglectful  of  all  public  needs  and  desires.  A  bridge  at  Vaga 
was  given  by  him  in  29  A.  D. :  Ti.  Caesar  divi  |  Aug.  f .  Augustus  | 
pontif.  max.,  trib.  |  potest.  XXXI,  cos.  IIII  ]  dedit,  |  C.  Vibius 
Marsus  pr.  |  cos.  Ill  dedica.:  CIL  VIII.  10568;  another  at 
Arminium  given,  according  to  the  inscription,  by  both  Augustus 
and  Tiberius,  was  probably  begun  by  Augustus  and  finished  by 
Tiberius  in  20  A.  D.,  CIL  XI.  367;  another  over  the  Tagus  near 
Garovilla  was  probably  given  by  Tiberius  in  25  A.  D.:  CIL  II. 
4651.  At  Brixia  Augustus  and  Tiberius  built  an  aqueduct, 
CIL  V.  4307;  at  Nicopolis,  in  Syria,  Tiberius  alone  built  one 
between  21  and  30  A.  D.,  CIL  III.  6703;  while  in  Rome  three 
inscriptions  from  the  Aqua  Virgo,  and  a  fourth  not  definitely 
assigned,  probably  testify  to  reconstruction  under  Tiberius: 
Virg.  I  Ti.  Caesar  Aug.  |  pontif.  maxim.,  |  trib.  pot.  XXXVIII,  | 
cos.  V,  imp.  VIII,  I  IIII,  I  p.  CCXL:  CIL  VI.  1253  b;  also 
1253  a  (cf.  31565  a,  c),  1255  (cf.  31571),  Rev.  Arch.  18  (1911). 
p.  509.  177.     In  Veii  in  28  A.  D.  Tiberius  gave  a  portico,  CIL 

XI.  3784;  in  27  he  presented  something  not  revealed  because 
of  the  fragmentary  condition  of  the  inscription,  CIL  XI.  3783; 
the  gift  of  Augustus  and  Tiberius  in  Emona,  in  Pannonia,  14 
A.  D.,  is  also  unknown  for  the  same  reason,  CIL  III.  10768. 
A  very  large  number  of  inscriptions  refer  to  Tibcrius's  restor- 
ing and  rebuilding  of  roads:  CIL  II.  4904,  4905  from  Spain; 
VIII.    10023  from  Africa;  and   from  Gallia   Narbonensis,   CIL 

XII.  5441,  5445,  5449,  5478,  5492,  5554,  5557,  5588,  5592,  5596, 
5598.  5600,  5605,  5606,  5619,  5628,  5638,  5649,  5652,  5654, 
5657,  5659,  5665;  from  Latium,  CIL  XIV.  4086.  In  the  Career 
at  Rome  there  is  an  inscription  recording  a  restoration,  assigned 
usually  to  Tiberius's  reign:  C.  Vibius  C.  f.  Rufinus  M.  Cocceius 


36     Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius 

M.  f.  Nerva  cos.  ex  s(enatus)  c(onsulto) :  CIL  VI.  1539.  The 
name  of  Tiberius  on  a  number  of  water  pipes  may  indicate  his 
influence  in  civic  improvement,  or  may  simply  date  the  work: 
CIL  X.  1897  a  from  PuteoH;XV.  7266,  7267,  7268,  7814,  7815, 
all  from  Rome.  Two  other  inscriptions  record  gifts  of  Tiberius, 
both  however,  before  he  was  emperor:  Ti.  Claudius  Ti.f.  \  Nero 
COS.  templa,  porticus,  |  hortos  municipio  dedit:  CIL  V.  2149 
from  Altinum;  also  CIL  V.  6358  from  Laus  Pompeia. 

XLVIII.i. 
Publice  munificentiam  bis  omnino  exhibuit:  Suetonius 
ignores  Tiberius's  act  of  munificence  after  the  fire  in  36  A.  D., 
which  destroyed  part  of  the  Circus  and  the  Aventine.  Tacitus, 
however,  mentions  it  {Ann.  6.  45),  and  a  fragment  of  the  Fasti 
recently  discovered  at  Ostia,  records  the  same  occurrence:  K. 
Nov.  Pars  Circi  inter  jultores  arsit  ad  quod  Ti.  Caesar  IIS  |  co  | 
publico  d.:  Notizie  degli  Scavi  vol.  XIV  (1917),  P-  182. 

XLVIII.  2. 

missiones  ueteranorum  rarissimas  fecit:  We  have  one 
inscription  from  Nemausus  of  a  soldier  of  Tiberius  who  received 
his  discharge  after  25  years  of  service:  Ti.  Caesaris  |  divi  Aug. 
f.  Augusti  I  miles  missicius,  T.  lulius  |  Festus,  militavit  annos 
XXV  1  in  legione  XVI,  decreto  decurion.  |  accepit  frumenti 
m(odios)  L,  balneum  et  |  sui  gratuitum  in  perp.  et  aream  in|ter 
duos  turres  per  P.  Pusonium  Perelgrinum  IIII  vir.  et  XI  vir. 
adsignatam:  CIL  XII.  3179.  Other  inscriptions  show  that  25 
or  26  years  of  service  was  not  unusual,  while  a  few  from  Dalmatia 
testify  to  even  more  than  30  years:  CIL  III.  2014  (33  years), 
2048  (32  years),  2818  (38  years),  2834  (43  years).  Since  the 
soldiers  named  in  2014  and  2834  belonged  respectively  to  the 
seventh  and  eleventh  legions  called  Claudia  Pia  Fidelis,  we  know 
that  they  ended  their  service  under  Claudius,  though  the  greater 
part  of  their  terms  must  necessarily  have  been  under  Tiberius. 
The  last  man,  Mommsen  thinks,  served  voluntarily  (cf.  CIL 
III,  p.  282). 

Asia.  .  .ciuitatibus:  The  liberality  shown  by  Tiberius  on 
this  occasion  is  noted  in  several  inscriptions  that  have  come 
down  to  us:  Ti.  Caesari  divi  |  Augusti  f.,  divi  |  luli  n.  Augusto  | 
pontif.  maximo,  cos.  IIII,  |  imp.  VIII,  trib.  potestat.  XXXII,  | 


Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius     37 

Augustales.  |  respublica  |  restituit.  |  £i</henia  Sar</es  Ulloron, 
Magnesia,  \  Philadelphea,  Tmolus,  Cyme,  |  T^emnos,  Cibyra, 
Myrina,  Ephesos,  Apollonidea,  Hyrcawia,  |  Mostene,  Aegae, 
HierocaessLTea:  CIL  X.  1642  =  Rushforth  p.  123,  from  Puteoli, 
From  Aegae  there  is  a  rather  fragmentary  one:  Ti.  Caesar  divi 
Atig.f.,  divi  luli  n.  Aug.  imp.,  p.  m.,  tr.  p.,  cos.  V,  conditor  uno 
tevapore  XII  civitatium  /errae  motu  vexatarum:  CIL  III.  7096; 
while  from  Hadjileri  there  is  one  in  Greek  with  almost  the  same 
wording,  Dessau  8785  =  Bull,  de  Corresp.  Hell.  1887,  p.  90  = 
IGR  4.  1351.  Two  Greek  inscriptions  from  Cibyra  also  refer 
to  the  help  given  by  Tiberius  as  the  "founding"  (xxiatq)  of 
the  city:  IGR  4.  914,  915.  And  in  commemoration  of  the 
event  a  coin  was  struck,  bearing  a  picture  of  the  colossal  statue 
that  was  dedicated  to  Tiberius,  and  also  the  following  inscrip- 
tion: Ti.  Caesar  divi  Aug.  f.  August,  p.  m.,  tr.  pot.  XXIII,  s.  c. 
civitatibus  Asiae  restitutis:   Cohen  i,  p.  189.  3. 

XLIX.  I. 
Cn.  Lentulum  Augurem:  An  inscription  from  Caria  is 
dedicated  to  Lentulus  as  proconsul:  [r]v[at]tp  AsvtXco  Auyoupt 
TO)  avOuxdlTcp:  CIG  2943.  12,  15.  His  name  appears  several 
times  in  the  Acta  Arvalium:  CIL  VI.  2023  a.  i,  10,  19;  also 
together  with  that  of  his  colleague  in  the  consulship  14  B.  C, 
Marcus  Licinius  Crassus,  in  the  Fasti  Biondiani,  CIL  P,  p.  65; 
on  one  of  the  tesserae  consulares,  CIL  I^  745;  on  a  tile,  CIL  I'. 
797  =  XL  6673.  21;  in  a  sepulchral  inscription  from  Rome, 
CIL  VI.  23532;  in  two  inscriptions  from  Pompeii,  CIL  X.  885, 
886;  on  a  lead  jar  from  Puteoli,  CIL  X.  1938.  One  of  his  freed- 
men  is  named  in  an  inscription  from  Sulmo,  CIL  IX.  3099. 

Ouirini  consularis:  The  several  inscriptions  of  this  man 
favor  the  form  Quirinius  rather  than  Quirinus,  as  do  also  Tac. 
Ann.  2.  30;  3.  22,  48;  Strab.  12.  6.  5;  Jos.  Ant.  18.  i.  i ;  St.  Luke 
2.  2.  A  rather  fragmentary  inscription  from  Tibur  has  been 
assigned  to  Quirinius  by  Mommsen:  P.  Sulpicius  P.  f.  Qui- 
rinius cos ;  proconsul  Cretam  et  Cyrenas  provinciam  optinuit 

.  .  .  .;  legatus  pr.  pr.,  divi  Augusti  Syriam  et  Phoenicen  optinens 
helium  gessit  cum  gente  Homonadensium  quae  interfecerat  Amyn- 
tam  r|egem,  qua  redacta  in  ^ot\estatem  imp.  Caesaris  \  Augusti 
populique  Romani  senatu|5  dis  immortalibus  \  supplicationes 
binas  ob  res  pvosp\ere  gestas  et  \  ipsi  ornamenta  triumph |a/ia 


38     Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius 

deer  evil;  \  pro  consul.  Asiam  provinciam  op\tinuit;  legattis  pr.  pr.  \ 
divi  August!  iterum  Syriam  et  Phoenicen  optiniiit:  CIL  XIV. 
3613.  An  inscription  from  the  province  of  Byzacena  names 
him  together  with  Gaius  Valgius,  his  colleague  in  the  consul- 
ship 12  B.  C,  CIL  VIII.  68;  also  X.  3804  from  Capua;  another 
probably  from  Berytus  calls  him  the  governor  of  Caesar  in 
Syria,  CIL  III.  6687.  4.  At  Antioch  in  1912  Sir  William  Ram- 
say found  an  inscription  designating  him  as  duumvir,  and  sub- 
sequently wrote  an  article  thereon  entitled  Luke's  Narrative 
of  the  Birth  of  Christ,  The  Expositor,  8th  ser.  (1912),  vol.  4,  pp. 
385-407,  481-507.  The  inscription,  to  be  dated  probably  8 
B.  C,  reads  as  follows:  C.  Caristawio  |  C.  f.  Ser.  Yrontoni  \ 
Caesiano  lulio,  |  praef.  fabr.,  pontif.,  \  sacerdoti,  praefecto  ]  P. 
Sulpici  Quirini  duumviri,  |  praefecto  M.  Servili.  |  huic  primo 
omnium  |  publice  d(ecurionum)  d(ecreto)  statua  |  posita  est: 
ib.  p.  401. 

L.  2. 
matrem  Liuiam.  .  uindicantem:  Numerous  memorials 
seem  to  indicate  that  Livia's  importance  in  the  eyes  of  the  people 
was  not  much  inferior  to  that  of  Tiberius.  Following  the  terms 
of  Augustus's  will  (cf.  Aug.  CI.  2.),  she  assumed  the  name 
Augusta,  and  as  such  appears  in  inscriptions  practically  on  an 
equality  with  Tiberius.  So  there  are  dedications  to  both 
together:  Ti.  Caesari  divi  |  Aug.  f.  Augusto.  ]  luliae  Augustae  | 
divi  Augusti:  CIL  VI.  3750=31277;  also  905,  both  from 
Rome;  from  Ancyra  an  inscription  mentioning  statues  of  them 
both  (cf.  ad  XXVI.  i),  IGR  3.  157;  and  three  Greek  inscrip- 
tions in  which  they  are  together  called  2sf>czaT0t,  IGR  3. 
312  from  Galatia,  1086  from  Syria,  1344  from  Arabia.  A  lead 
pipe  from  Tusculum  is  inscribed  as  follows:  Ti.  Caesaris  et 
luliae  Augu5/ae;  Ephem.  Ep.  9,  p.  417.  700;  and  in  many  in- 
scriptions of  their  slaves  or  freedmen,  they  are  named  as  joint 
owners  or  patrons,  e.  g. :  Prima  Augusti  |  et  Augustae  1.  |  nutrix 
luliae  Germa\nici  filiae:  CIL  VI.  4352;  also  4173,  4358,  4770, 
4776,  5181,  5215,  5223,  5226,  5248,  5316,  5745,  8656,  8913, 
8989,  9066,  14843 — all  from  the  City.  The  Fasti  Praenestini 
record  the  dedication  of  a  statue  to  Augustus,  noteworthy  be- 
cause of  the  order  of  the  names,  which,  it  is  likely,  followed 
the  original  inscription;  VIII.  K.  Mai  sig(num)  divo  Augusto 
patri  ad  theatrum  Marcell.  |  lulia  Augusta  et  Ti.  Augustus 
dedicarunt:  CIL  P,  p.  236;  cf.  Tac.  A7tn.  3.  64. 


Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius      39 

ut  titulis  suis   ..Liuiae  filius  adiceretur:    So   far  as   I 

know,  we  have  no  inscriptions  in  which  Tiberius  is  entitled  "son 
of  Livia,"  but  there  are  many  in  which  Livia  is  entitled  "mother 
of  Tiberius,"  e.  g. :  luliae  August,  divi  |  Augusti  matri  Ti. 
Cae|saris  Aug.  L.  Volusio  |  Saturnino  leg.  pro  pr.  |  C.  lulius  C. 
f.  Sulla  ob  dec:  CIL  III.  9972  from  Dalmatia;  also  CIL  II.  2038 
from  Anticaria;  IX.  3304  from  Superaequum;  X.  7340,  7501, 
both  from  Sicily;  XI.  1165  from  Veleia  (wherein  she  is  also 
styled  daughter  of  Augustus,  which  she  became  by  adoption  in 
14  A.  D.);  IGR  I.  1 150  from  Egypt;  3.  720  from  Lycia;  4.  144 
from  Cyzicus.  In  two  Greek  inscriptions,  however,  Tiberius 
is  called  son  of  the  Augusti:  Tt^sptov  KaEcjapa  8s6v  Ss^aaxiv,  |6etov 
Se^aaxwv  ulov,  auTO/.[p]d-:opa  |  yfis  xal  GaXajJiQs,  xov  euepYexTjv  |  y.at 
awT-^pa  ToG  juvxavTOc;  [x]6a[ji,ou,  |  Mupeojv  6  ofjixoi;:  IGR  3.  721  from 
Lycia;  also  4.  1144  from  Lindus. 

L.  3- 
non  parentem  patriae  appellari.  .  passus  est:  Yet  there 
are  coins  from  Africa  on  which  Livia  is  called  mater  patriae: 
Cohen  i,  p.  165.  807,  p.  207.  203;  and  genetrix  orbis  both  on 
a  coin  and  in  an  inscription:  luliae  Aug. Drusi/.,  d\\i  Aug.,  | matri 
Ti.  Caesaris  Aug.  principis  1  et  conservatoris,  et  Drusi  Gerjman- 
ici,  genetrici  orbis,  |  M.  Cornelius  Proculus  |  pontufex  Caesarum: 
CIL  II.  2038;  also  Cohen  i,  p.  169.  3,  both  from  Baetica.  Three 
other  coins  bear  the  head  of  Livia,  one  with  the  inscription 
Pietas,  Drusus  Caesar  Ti.  Augusti  f.,  tr.  pot.  iter.,  s.  c. :  Cohen 
I,  p.  170.  i;  the  other  two  with  lustitia  and  Salus  Augusta  re- 
spectively, and  Ti.  Caesar  divi  Aug.  p.  m.,  tr.  pot.  XXIIII,  s. 
c:  Cohen  i,  p.  171.  4,  5.  An  inscription  from  Rome  dedicated 
to  Pietas  Augusta  is  from  an  altar  that  was  ordered  in  22  A.  D., 
at  the  time  of  Livia's  illness,  but  not  erected  until  43,  CIL  VI. 
562. 

LI.  2. 
prohibuit  (Liuiam)  consecrari:  We  know  from  Claud.  XL 
2  that  Livia  was  later  officially  deified ;  and  while  the  majority 
of  the  inscriptions  indicating  her  deification  are  therefore  prob- 
ably from  the  reign  of  Claudius  or  later,  a  few  seem  to  show 
that  in  some  parts  of  the  empire  she  received  this  honor  even 
during  the  reign  of  Tiberius,  e.  g. :  Ti.  Caesari  divi  Aug.  f . 
Augusto,  divae  Augus/ae  |  M.  lunius  C.  f.  Gal.  Proculus  praef. 


40      Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius 

equit.  divi  Aug.,  fab(rum),  sua  pec.  feci/.  |  Pompeia  Q.  f.  Tre- 
buUa  testamento  suo  ex  IISC  refici  iussit.  .  .  :  CILX.  6309  from 
Tarracina;  also  X.  7501  from  Sicily,  and,  perhaps,  an  inscrip- 
tion from  Rome  of  a  freed  woman  of  Livia,  VI.  181 5,  and  from 
Haluntium  in  Sicily,  a  dedication  to  Livia  by  the  town,  X.  7464. 

LII.  2. 
Iliensium  legatis .  .  .  consolantibus :  It  is  interesting  to 
note  the  relations  between  Ilium  and  Tiberius.  When  in  26 
A.  D.  eleven  cities  contested  for  the  privilege  of  dedicating  a 
temple  to  Tiberius,  Livia  and  the  senate,  and  Smyrna  was 
granted  the  right  (cf.  Tac.  Ann.  4.  15,  55),  Ilium,  one  of  the  un- 
successful candidates,  nevertheless  paid  honor  to  the  emperor, 
as  is  evident  from  the  following  inscription,  dedicated  by  the 
council  and  the  people  in  32-33:  Tt^epiov  Kafaapa  Osou  Se^aaToii 
ulov  I  Sspaaxov  ap^tspia  Sr^^apxtxT]?  i^ouatlaq  xh  Xy,  utcktov  t6  e,  -riv 
auvlyev^  xat  awTYipa  xal  suepysTTjv  t;  ^ouXt)  1  xal  6  B-^[JLoq:   IGR  4.  207. 

quod    (Germanicus) . ..  Alexandream . ..  se    adisset:    An 

inscription  dedicated  to  him  has  been  found  at  Alexandria: 
Germanico  Caesari  Ti.  Aug.f.  \  L.  Valerius  |  L.  Tonneius  le.  .  .  | 
A.  Mevius.  .  .  |  magistri  larum  Aug.  |  anno  V.  Ti.  Caesam  Aug.: 
CIL  III.  12047.  In  connection  with  Tiberius's  attitude  toward 
Germanicus,  it  is  notable  that,  although  the  Fasti  Antiates  and 
the  Ostienses  record  what  is  possibly  the  day  of  Germanicus's 
death  (cf.  ad  XXXIX),  the  Fasti  Amiternini,  written  in  Tiberi- 
us's reign,  do  not.  Besides  the  many  inscriptions  of  Germanicus 
already  noted  (cf.  ad  XV.  2,  XXXIX),  a  few  particularly  seem 
to  suggest  the  general  goodwill  toward  him:  plebs  urbana 
quinque  et  |  triginta  tribuum  [  Germanico  Caesari  |  Ti.  Augusti 
f.,  I  divi  Augusti  n.,  |  auguri,  flamini  Augustali,  |  cos.  iterum, 
imp.  iterum,  |  aere  conlato:  CIL  VI.  909  from  Rome,  from  which 
also  come  the  fragments  of  a  senatusconsultum  decreeing  honors 
to  him  after  his  death,  CIL  VI.  911;  also,  from  Antium:  Ger- 
manico Caesari  Ti.  Caesaris  f.,  divi  Augusti  n.  |  C.  lulius  Chi- 
marus;  idem  statuas  et  aediculam  |  refecit,  sedes  marmoreas 
posuit:   CIL  X.  6649. 

LII.  3. 
Cn.  Pisonetn  legatum  Syriae:    I  have  found  no  inscription 
of  him  from  Syria,  but  his  name  appears  with  that  of  Tiberius 
as  consuls  for  the  year  B.  C.  7  (cf.  ad  IX.  3). 


Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius     41 

LIII.  r. 
Nurum  Agrippinam:  A  number  of  inscriptions,  especially 
Greek,  are  dedicated  to  her  or  at  least  include  her  name,  e.  g. : 
Agrippinae  M.  f.  1  Germanici:  CIL  IX.  2635  from  Aesernia; 
also  CIL  II.  3379  from  Tarraconensis;  VI.  31 281  from  Rome; 
XI.  1 167  from  Veleia;  one  from  Lycia,  calling  her  the  grand- 
daughter of  Augustus:  'AYptx[x]e[t]vav  [eiuyaipiSfjv  j  Osou  Il£[^aax]oij 
Kafjapoq,  [[yjuvalxa  S[e  r]s[p];jLav[tx]ou  |  [K]a(aapo<;,  Mupswv  [6  B]-^ixo[(;]: 
IGR  3.  716;  cf.,  too,  IGR  3.  94  from  Paphlagonia;  4.  74,  75 
both  from  Mytilene,98o  from  Samos,  1300  from  Aeolia;  GIG  1301 
from  Messenia,  2183  from  Mytilene;  Bull,  de  corr.  Hell.  4  (1880), 
p.  432.  17,  18  from  Lesbos;  Ath.  Mitt.  V  (1880),  p.  197  from 
Delphi;  Jour.  Hell.  Stud.  17  (1897),  p.  17,  39  from  Melos;  also 
Cohen  i,  p.  231  sqq. 

LIII.  2. 
(earn)  Pandatariam  relegauit .  .  ita  absumptam:  In 
Cal.  XV.  I  we  read  that  Caligula  brought  his  mother's  bones 
from  Pandataria  to  Rome,  and  an  inscription  on  a  marble  urn 
from  Rome  verifies  this  statement:  ossa  |  Agrippinae  M. 
Agrippae  /.,  |  divi  Aug.  neptis,  uxoris  j  Germanici  Caesaris,  | 
matris  C.  Caesaris  Aug.  |  Germanici  principis:    CIL  VI.  886. 

LIV.  I. 

Neronem:  There  are  a  number  of  inscriptions  dedicated 
to  him  or  mentioning  him,  e.  g.,  one  from  Rome  rather  fully 
naming  his  ofifices:  Neroni  Caesari  |  Germanici  Caesaris  f.,  |  Ti. 
Caesaris  Augusti  n.,  |  divi  Augusti  pron.,  |  flamini  Augustali,  | 
sodali  Augustali,  |  sodali  Titio,  fratri  Arvali,  |  fetiali,  quaestori,  | 
ex  s.  c:  CIL  VI.  913;  also  one  from  Dalmatia  dedicated  by  the 
cities  of  Liburnia,  CIL  III.  2808  (cf.  9879);  V.  23  from  Pola, 
6416.  I  from  Ticinum  (in  which  the  name  of  Tiberius  as  his 
grandfather  is  omitted,  though  Augustus,  his  great-grandfather, 
is  named);  VI.  31274  from  Rome  (dedicated  also  to  his  father 
Germanicus,  and  to  his  brother  Drusus);  X.  5393-  12  from 
Aquinum;  XI.  3336  from  Blera,  3789  from  Veii;  IGR  4.  74-75 
both  from  Mytilene,  1300  from  Aeolia  (both  74  and  1300  calling 
him  simply  the  son  of  Germanicus  and  Agrippina,  without 
mention  of  either  Tiberius  or  Augustus). 

Drusum:  Of  him,  too,  we  have  several  inscriptions,  e.  g., 
from  the  Troad:  Druso  Caesari  |  Germanici  Caesaris  |  filio,  |  Ti. 


42      Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius 

August!  nepoti,  |  divi  Augusti  pronepoti,  |  pontifici  |  d.  d.:  CIL 
III.  380;  from  Bordeaux  a  fragmentary  one  in  which  he  is  en- 
titled praefectus  urbi,  sodaHs  Augustalis,  CIL  XIII.  589;  also 
V.  6416,  9  from  Ticinum  (without  mention  of  Tiberius);  VI. 
31274  (cf.  ad  Neronem);  XI.  3788  from  Veii;  XIV.  3607.  6 
from  Tibur;  IGR  4.  75  from  Mytilene  (designating  him  as  son 
of  Germanicus  and  Agrippina). 

Gaium:  Besides  the  inscriptions  of  Gains  as  emperor,  there 
are  several  of  the  time  prior  to  his  accession,  e.  g.  two  from 
Vienna  (Vienne  on  the  Rhone):  C.  Caesari  |  Germanici  f.,  |  Ti. 
Augusti  n.,  I  divi  Aug.  pron.  |  Germanico  |  pontifici,  q.:  CIL  XII. 
1848,  1849;  also,  perhaps,  IGR  4.  looi  from  Aegiala,  1022  from 
Calymna. 

Tiberiuni:  There  is  an  inscription  of  him  from  Alba  Pom- 
peia:  Ti.  Caesari  |  Drusi  f.,  |  Ti.  Augusti  n.,  \  divi  Augusti 
prone/).  I  P.  Varius  P.  f.  Aem.  |  Ligus  filius:  CIL  V.  7598.  In 
another  from  near  Salamis  Tiberius  is  named  together  with  his 
twin  brother,  Germanicus,  who  died  when  he  was  four  years  old : 
. . .  apxtspeo)?]  I  Bid  ^(ou,a6TOij  [ts  xal  twv]  |  BiB6[xojv  ulwv  A[po6aou]  I  Tt^s- 
pcou  xai  r£p[j.av[xo[ij],|  yutxvaatapxwv  to)[v.  . .  :  IGR  3.  997.  Mommsen 
believes  that  a  very  fragmentary  inscription  from  Brixia  also 
refers  to  these  twins  sons  of  Drusus:  Liviae  Drusi  Caesaris, 
matri  Ti.  et  Germanici  Caesarum  h.  .  .  .  :  CIL  V.  431 1. 

diem.  .  utriusque  tirocinii  congiario.  .  celebrauit:  This 
statement  is  confirmed  with  respect  to  the  day  of  Nero's  attain- 
ing his  majority  (June  7,  20  A.  D.),  by  the  following  record  from 
Ostia:  M.  Valerius  Messalla  M.  Aurelius  Cotta  cos.,  |  VII.  Idus 
lun.  Nero  togam  virilem  \  sumpsit;  cong(iaria)  dwisit:  CIL  XIV. 
244. 

pro  eorum .  .  .  salute  publice  uota  suscepta :  I  have  found 
no  record  of  such  vows  offered  for  their  safety,  but  of  those  for 
the  safety  of  Tiberius,  a  number  survive,  e.  g.,  from  Capena: 
Ti.  Caesari  divi  Augusti  f.  ]  Augusto  |  pontif.  maximo,  cos.  V,  | 
trib.  potest.  XXXIII I,  |  principi  optumo  ac  ]  iustissimo,  con- 
servatori  |  patriae,  pro  salute  et  |  incolumitate  eius  |  A.  Fabius 
Fortunatus  viator  cos.  \  et  praet.,  \  Augustalis  primus,  \  voto 
suscepto  p.:  CIL  XI.  3872;  from  the  temple  of  Concord  in  Rome: 
Q.  Coelius  L.  f.,  pr.,  |  aed.  pi.  cer.,  |  pro  pr.  ex  s.  c,  q.,  |  ex  voto 
suscepto  I  pro  incolumitate  |  Ti.  Caesaris  divi  Aug.  f .  |  Augusti  | 


Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetoniiis's  Life  of  Tiberius      43 

pontific.  maxim.,  |  Concordiae  d.  d.  |  auri  p.  XXV:  CIL  VI.  91; 
also  from  Rome  92  (cf.  30690),  93,  94  (on  these  four  cf.  ad  XX 
fin.),  3675  (cf.  30856),  the  Acta  ArvaUum,  2025.  15  sqq.  (record- 
ing the  payment  and  renewal  of  a  vow),  2027;  from  Aveia,  CIL 
IX.  3607.  From  Leuci  comes  an  interesting  inscription  which 
exemplifies,  says  Hirschfeld,  the  first  use  of  the  phrase  divinae 
domus:  CIL  XIII.  4635 ;cf.  Phaedr.  5.  8.  38.  CIL  VI.  2024.  10 
sqq.  from  Rome,  IGR  3.  1086  from  Syria  are  for  the  safety  of 
both  Tiberius  and  Li\ia,CIL  VI.  2026  for  Tiberius,  Liviaand  their 
household;  while  in  the  Acta  Arvalium,  CIL  VI.  32340,  Tiberius, 
Julia,  and  their  household  are  simply  included  in  a  formal,  com- 
prehensive prayer  for  the  good  of  the  whole  Roman  people. 

LIV.  2. 

amborum .  .  .  reliquias  . .  uix .  .  .  colligi  possent :  That  the 
bones  of  Nero  were  gathered  and  brought  to  Rome  is  known 
from  Cal.  XV.  i,  and  from  an  inscription  from  Rome,  in  which 
the  omission  of  Tiberius's  name  is  marked  and  intentional: 
ossa  I  Neronis  Caesaris  |  Germanici  Caesaris  f.,  |  divi  Aug.  pron., 
fiamin.  |  Augustalis,  quaestoris:  CIL  VI.  887.  If  the  bones  of 
Drusus  were  not  gathered,  an  altar  to  his  manes  might  appro- 
priately be  erected  in  any  locality.  So  we  have  on  an  altar 
from  Camunni:  dis  manibus  |  Drusi  Caesaris  Gexvaanici  /.: 
CIL  V.  4953. 

LVII.  I. 

fauorem  hominum  moderationis  simulatione  captaret: 
There  is  a  coin  struck  to  honor,  or  perhaps  to  invite,  moderation 
on  Tiberius's  part:  Ti.  Caesar  divi  Aug.  f.  August,  imp.  VIII, 
moderationi,  s.  c:  Cohen  i,  p.  190.  5. 

LXII.  I. 

Liuillae  uxoris  (Drusi) :  In  the  surviving  inscriptions  of 
her  slaves  and  freedmen,  all  from  Rome,  she  appears  as  Livia, 
e.  g. :  M.  Livius  |  Augustae  lib.  |  Prytanis  |  Liviae  Drusi  paedag.: 
CIL  VI.  33787;  Cyrus  |  Liviae  Drusi  Caes.  |  medicus:  CIL  VI 
8899;  also  4349,  15502,  19747.  20237.  <^'f-  ^'IL  V.  431 1  ad 
Tiherium  LIV.  i. 

LXIII.  I. 

(Tiberius)  inuisus  ac  detestabilis:  And  yet  there  are  a 
number  of  inscriptions  from  which  one  might  conclude  that 
Tiberius  was  held  in  respect  and  esteem,  e.  g.  one  from  Capena, 


44     Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius 

32  A.  D.,  (CIL  XI.  3872,  quoted  ad  LIV.  i),  in  which  he  is 
entitled  the  best  and  most  just  emperor,  preserver  of  his  father- 
land; two  from  Rome  which  call  him  best  and  most  just  emperor, 
CIL  VI.  93,  3675  (cf.  30856);  two  from  Rome  calling  him  the 
best  emperor,  CIL  VI.  902,  904;  one  from  Anticaria  (quoted  ad 
L.  3),  entitling  him  emperor  and  preserver,  CIL  II.  2038;  one 
from  Chersonesus  in  Sarmatia,  calling  him  the  greatest  emperor, 
IGR  I.  864,  also  coins  struck  in  commemoration  of  his  kindness 
and  his  foresight:  Ti.  Caesar  divi  Aug.  f.  August,  imp.  VIII, 
clementiae,  s.  c:  Cohen  i,  p.  189.  4;  Ti.  Caesar  Aug.  pont.  max., 
provident.,  per.  Aug.:  Cohen  i,  p.  197.  84;  cf.  ib.  89,  CIL  XL 
4170  (quoted  ad  LXV.  2).  At  Aquila  an  aqueduct  was  built  in 
his  honor  and  that  of  his  grandchildren:  aquam  Augustom  |  in 
honorem  Ti.  Cae|saris  Augusti  ng^otumque  'PeXtvin.  \  adduxer.  pr. 
aetern.  Caesarum  [  Salvieni  Fauhis  et  \  Florus  !  aed.  qq.  ded.: 
CIL  IX.  4209.  There  are  several  dedications  to  the  genius  of 
Tiberius,  CIL  VI.  251  from  Rome,  27  A.  D.,  XL  3076  from  Fal- 
erii,  XIII.  941  from  Petrucorii  (dedicated  also  to  Jupiter,  by  the 
butchers).  Besides  these,  very  many  inscriptions  are  dedicated 
to  him,  not  for  any  particular  act  that  is  mentioned,  but  simply, 
it  seems  probable,  out  of  general  regard  and  honor:  CIL  II.  2037 
(24  A.  D.),  2062  (26  A.  D.),  2181  (27  A.  D.),  all  from  Baetica; 
III.  7099  (34  A.  D.)  from  Cyme,  12104  from  Salamis  (dedicated 
by  the  senate);  V.  6417  from  Ticinum,  8845  from  Verona;  IX. 
3606  from  Aveia,  4334  from  the  district  of  Amiternum  (in  ful- 
fillment of  a  vow);  X.  207  (15  A.  D.)  from  Grumentum,  1414 
(36  A.  D.)  from  Herculaneum,  7226  (18  A.  D.)  from  Lilybaeum, 
8088  (32  A.  D.)  from  Copia  Thurii;  XL  2647  (15  A.  D.)  from 
Colonia  Saturnia  (set  up  by  the  seviri  Augustales) ;  XIII.  1590 
from  Ruessium,  1789  from  Lugdunum,  4481  (20  A.  D.)  from 
Mediomatrici  (dedicated  by  the  tradesmen  who  lived  there) ; 
XIV.  2592  (32  A.  D.)  from  Tusculum,  2910  b  from  Praeneste, 
3448  (33  A.  D.)  from  Trevi,  3943  (34  A.  D.)  from  Nomentum, 
4176  (36  A.  D.)  from  Lavinium;  Eph.  Ep.  8,  p.  171.  708  from 
Naso  in  Sicily,  p.  364.  22  from  Emerita  in  Lusitania;  ib.  9,  p. 
384.  609  from  Lanuvium;  Rev.  Arch.  18  (191 1),  p.  495.  629 
from  Ostia  (in  fulfillment  of  a  vow);  IGR.  i.  loii  from  Crete, 
1160  (31  A.  D.),  1164  (32-38  A.  D.),  1171  (22  A.  D.),  1172  (32 
A.  D.),  1 173,  all  from  Egypt;  3.  845  from  Cilicia  (wherein  he  is 
called  founder  and  savior),  941    (14-15  A.D.),  942  both  from 


Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suelonius' s  Life  of  Tiberius      45 

Cyprus;  4.  71,  72  both  from  Mytilene,  683  from  Sebasta,  714 
from  Blaundus,  1144  from  Lindus,  1288  from  Monghla,  1391 
from  Smyrna  (before  he  became  emperor) ;  Curtius  u.  Adler 
371  (calHng  him  benefactor  and  patron,  but  even  before  his  adop- 
tion). Several  inscriptions  honor  Tiberius  in  connection  with 
one  or  more  persons:  CIL  III.  7117  from  Ephesus,  honoring 
at  the  same  time  Diana  of  Ephesus,  Augustus,  and  the  city  of 
Ephesus;  V.  6416  on  a  triumphal  arch  at  Ticinum,  together 
with  nine  others  of  Augustus  and  his  family;  XI.  3786  from  Veii, 
dedicated  also  to  Germanicus,  3790  from  Veii  to  Tiberius  and 
to  Claudius;  XIII.  1036  on  a  triumphal  arch  at  Mediolanum 
Santonum,  to  Germanicus,  Tiberius,  and  Drusus,  son  of  Ti- 
berius. It  is  quite  true  that  such  dedications  may  have  been 
made  in  a  spirit  of  flattery  and  fawning,  or  from  a  sense  of  ne- 
cessity or  awe  (cf.  Aug.  LVII.  i) ;  but  in  the  absence  of  any  con- 
clusive evidence  for  such  an  assumption,  it  is  quite  justifiable 
and  fair  to  believe  that  they  were  made  with  an  honest  feeling 
of  appreciation  and  affection. 

LXV.  I. 
Seianum:  (Cf.  XXVI.  2.)  A  bronze  coin  from  Bilbilis 
bears  the  name  of  Sejanus  as  colleague  of  Tiberius  in  his  fifth 
consulship  (31  A.  D.):  Ti.  Caesar  divi  Augusti  f.  Augustus; 
mun(icipium)  Augusta  Bilbilis  Ti.  Caesare  V.  L.  Aelio  Seiano 
COS.':  Cohen  i,  p.  198.  97.  This  seems  an  exceptional  honor, 
for  a  coin  of  the  same  town,  minted  in  Tiberius's  third  consul- 
ship, omits  the  name  of  his  colleague,  Germanicus:  cf.  ib.  96. 
Sejanus  is  named  as  consul  also  in  a  fragmentary  inscription 
from  Rome,  referring  to  some  time  after  his  condemnation,  CIL 
VI.  102 1 3.  His  name  appears,  too,  in  inscriptions  from  Rome 
of  two  of  his  freedmen,  CIL  VI.  6030,  10769. 

LXV.  2. 
oppressa  coniuratione  Seiani:  An  inscription  from  Inter- 
amna,  32  A.  D.,  is  interesting  in  its  reference  to  the  crushing  of 
Sejanus,  and  to  the  role  assigned  Tiberius  in  the  matter,  quite 
different  from  that  described  by  Suetonius:  Saluti  perpetuae 
Augustae  |  libertatique  publicae  |  populi  Romani.  |  genio  muni- 
cipi  anno  post  |  Interamnam  conditam  |  DCCIIII  ad  Cn.  Do- 
mitium  |  Ahenobarbum  !!!!!!  |  !!!! !  cos.  providentiae  Ti.  Caesaris 
Augusti  nati  ad  aeternitatem  |  Romani  nominis,  sublato  hoste 


46      Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius'' s  Life  of  Tiberius 

perniciosissimo  p(opuli)  R(omani),  |  Faustus  Titius  Liberalis  VI 
vir  Aug.  iter.  |  p(ecunia)  s(ua)  f(aciendum)  c(uravit):  CIL  XI. 
4170.  The  name  erased  is  that  of  M.  Furius  Camillus  Scriboni- 
anus  (cf.  Claud.  XIII),  and  the  hostis  perniciosissimiis  is  Sejanus. 
Another  inscription,  from  Crete,  CIL  III.  12036,  to  the  divinity 
and  foresight  of  Tiberius  and  of  the  senate  (quoted  ad  XXVI.  i, 
statuas  etc.),  was  dedicated  on  the  day  of  the  death  of  Sejanus 
(cf.  Tac.  Afin.  6.  25.  5). 

LXVIII.  4. 

sine    adiumento.  .   rnedicorum:    (Cf.     LXXII.    3.)     Cf. 

Vesp.  XX  on  the  little  attention  paid  by  the  Emperor  to  his 
health.  That  Tiberius,  however,  employed  the  services  of  a 
masseur  in  assisting  him  to  preserve  his  good  health  may  be 
inferred  from  the  following  inscription  from  Rome,  although  a 
different  interpretation  is  possible:  Ti.  lulio  Aug.  lib.  |  Xantho 
tractatori  |  Ti.  Caesaris  et  |  divi  Claudi  |  et  subpraef.  classis  | 
Alexandriae  |  Atellia  Prisca  uxor  |  et  Lamyrus  1.  heredes.  |  v.  a. 
LXXXX:  CIL  32775  (33131).  Sen.  Ep.  66.53  and  Mart.  3. 
82. 13  seem  to  represent  the  services  of  the  tractator  or  his  feminine 
counterpart  as  employed  merely  for  pleasure. 

LXIX. 

Circa  deos.  .  .  neglegentior :  We  have  at  least  two  inscrip- 
tions in  which  Tiberius  himself,  though  not  as  emperor,  pays 
respects  to  the  gods,  to  Jupiter  Optimus  Maximus  in  CIL  VI. 
385  (quoted  ad  IX.  3  consul  iterum),  to  Hercules  Invictus  in 
CIL  II.  1660  (quoted  ad  XV.  2  adoptatur  etc.). 

LXX.  I. 

Coruinum  Messalam:  He  is  mentioned  in  CIL  VI.  1375 
from  Rome,  and  in  3 161 8  there  seems  to  be  a  fragment  of  his 
name  on  an  elogium  of  his  father. 

LXXII.  3. 

Chariclen  medicum:  (Cf.  LXVIII.  4.)  Of  this  ph^^sician 
of  Tiberius  we  seem  to  have  no  inscription,  but  another,  an  ocu- 
list, we  know  from  this  memorial:  Thyrius  Ti.  Caesaris  |  Aug. 
ser.  Celadianus  |  medicus  ocularius  |  plus  parentium  suorum 
1  vixit  annos  XXX  |  hie  situs  est  in  perpet.:  CIL  VI.  8909  from 
Rome  on  the  Via  Latina. 


Epigraphic  Commentary  on  Suetonius  s  Life  of  Tiberius     47 

LXXIII.  I. 

obiit  XVII.  Kal.  Ap.  Cn.  Acerronio  Proculo  C.  Pontio 
Nigr<in>o  conss. :  This  statement  of  Suetonius  and  that 
of  Tacitus  {Ann.  6.  50.  7),  which  make  March  16 "the  date  of 
Tiberius's  death,  are  verified  by  the  Acta  ArvaHum  for  38  A.  D., 
which  set  March  18  as  the  day  on  which  Gaius  was  called  impe- 
rator,  as  against  Dio  58.  28,  who  puts  it  ten  days  later:  a.  d.  XV. 
K.  Apriles  |  Ta^^rus  Statilius  Corvinus  promagister  collegii 
fratrum  Arvaliuw  nomine  \  quod  hoc  die  C.  Caesar  Augustus 
Germanicus  a  senatu  impera/or  appeliatus  est,  \  in  Capitolio 
lovi,  lunoni,  Minervae  hostias  maiores  III  \nmo\avit,  ante 
templum  \  wovom  divo  Augusto  unam:  CIL  VI.  2028  c.  A  frag- 
ment of  the  Fasti  recently  discovered  at  Ostia  also  supports 
Suetonius's  statement:  Cn.  Acerronius  C.  Pontius  |  ...XVII. 
K.  Apr.  Ti.  Caesar  Miseni  |  excessit:  Notizie  degli  Scavi,  vol. 
XIV  (1917),  p.  182.  The  names  of  the  consuls  for  the  year 
appear  also  in  an  inscription  from  Lusitania,  CIL  II.  172.  CIL 
X.  6774  from  the  island  of  Pontia  is  dedicated  to  Nigrinus, 
and  his  name  appears  again  in  a  fragment  from  Rome,  CIL  VI. 
9338.  Proculus  was  honored  with  a  statue  under  which  appeared 
the  following  inscription:  6  lri\i.oc,  \  Pvatov  'Ax.£ppcovtov  |  np6-/.Xov 
av6uxa':ov  |  ir\c,  dc,  sauTOV  suvoiaq  |  xai  XY)Be[ji,ovca(;  evexa  1  — IIpa^tTeXr^i; 
IxolT^bev] :  CIA  3.  1.611. 

LXXV.  3. 

corpus.  .  .Romam.  .  .deportatum  est...:  This  statement, 
too,  is  supported  by  the  above-mentioned,  recently  found  in- 
scription from  Ostia:  IIII.  K.  Apr.  corpus  |  in  urbe  perlatum 
per  mWites;  \  III.  Non.  Apr.  f(unere)  p(ublico)  e(latus)  e(st). 
The  inscription  marking  the  spot  where  Tiberius's  remains  were 
deposited  in  Rome  has  survived:  ossa  |  Ti.  Caesaris  divi  Aug. 
f.  I  Augusti  I  pontificis  niaximi,  |  trib.  pot.  XXXIIX,  imp. 
VIII.cos.  V:CILVI.  885. 

LXXVI. 

Tiberium:  He  was  not  permitted  long  to  enjoy  even  the 
inferior  position  assigned  him  (cf.  Cal.  XXIII.  3),  and  but  a 
brief  inscription  from  Rome  marks  his  tomb:  Ti.  Caesar  [  Drusi 
Caesaris  f.  |  hie  situs  est:   CIL  VI.  892. 


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